Citation informationCite this article as: A comparative effect of high involvement load versus lack of involvement load on vocabulary learning among Iranian sophomore EFL learners, Ehsan Namaziandost, Esmaeil Hosseini & Dhafid Wahyu Utomo, Cogent Arts & Humanities (2020), 7: 1715525.

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After her losing in United States presidential election on November, 8th 2016, Hillary Clinton delivered an amazing and encouraging concession speech for all audiences around the world. One factor attributing to Hillary's success in a speech is that she has skillfully applied the variety of rhetorical devices. In accordance with this fact, this research tried to analyze the rhetorical devices and their respective function applied in the Hillary"s speech by using Harris" theory. By watching the speech record and reading the transcription, the researchers collected the data. Then, to describe the phenomena qualitative research design was used in this research and textual analysis is used as a research method. Moreover, this research is kind of library research. The result shows there are thirteen rhetorical devices that were applied in the speech. Regarding to emphasis rhetorical devices, Hillary frequently used a sentential adverb, alliteration, anaphora, conduplicatio, diacope and epistrophe. For association rhetorical devices, Hillary utilized antanagoge, antithesis, metaphor, and parallelism. For decoration rhetorical devices, Hillary tended to apply asyndeton, polysyndeton, and sententia. Emphasis rhetorical devices are the most repeatedly used in her concession speech. Hillary used emphasis rhetorical devices to directly emphasize her point and purpose and also making the points of the speech is distinctly and explicitly delivered to the audiences.

This paper intends to develop a software-based intructional media, Lectora Inspire. The data were obtained through experts validation on the developed instructional media. It took one media expert, one material expert, and 11 students. The data were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results and discussion confirm that the instructional media based on software, Lectora Inspire, is valid and feasible to be used in the learning process. The instructional media has met both media and materal requirements. It offers a convenient approach for students to understand the lesson content since it provides a real-life example which encourages them to imitate the habits. However, this instructional media needs a supporting facility such as computer which not all schools already have. More importantly, this software-based instructional media can be used as an effective learning resources.

This study presents an investigation of interpersonal meaning-making in students’ writing analytical exposition text. The objectives of this study are to describe the common mood types and to describe modality realization used in the text. Nine texts from 144 texts were collected to analyze. The theories from Systemic Functional Linguistics are adapted as the framework to analyze the clause of the text. The findings of this study showed that students have used mood types which can be seen in the use of subject and finite as mood elements, and the use of predicator, adjunct, and complement as residue. The arrangement of mood element ad residue shows the mood type they used. Regarding to SFL theories, the common mood type in this study is declarative as its function of analytical exposition text to discuss topic critically and deeply from one point of view. The result showed that students have attempted to provide information in the text. In the terms of modality, the median modality has a higher frequency in this text than that of high modality and low modality. It indicates that the students have an effort to position themselves and build the relationship to the reader in the text. Moreover, the zero frequency of low modality shows that the students did not provide opportunities for readers to doubt their position in the text. In conclusion, problem –solving approach as the pedagogical implication is appropriate for students to improve cognitive aspects in terms of communicative skills, so students have been able to create the effective analytical exposition text which is intended to discuss something critically from one point of view.