Latar belakang: Selama 3 tahun pencapaian ASI eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kendal Kerep Kota Malangmengalami fluktuasi, dan hanya 1 dari 17 orang yang berkaitan dengan pelayanan terhadap ASI saja yang telah dilatihkonseling menyusui.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan konseling menyusui terhadap dukungan petugas kesehatan dalampemberian ASI di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kendal Kerep Kota Malang.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian quasi experiment (eksperimensemu) dengan rancangan NonEquivalent Control Group.Hasil penelitian: Ada perbedaan dukungan petugas kesehatan (pre-test dan post-test) pada kelompok kontrol danperlakuan (uji Wilcoxon= 0,000< 0,05); Terdapat perbedaan dukungan petugas kesehatan dalam pemberian ASI (pretest/post-test)pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan (uji Mann-Whitney=0,000 < 0,05); rata-rata (means)penilaianpre-testdan post-test baik pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan terhadap dukungan petugas kesehatan mengalamipeningkatancukup drastis (9,167).Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan positif dukungan petugas kesehatan kepada ibu dalam memberikan ASI sebelum dansesudah mendapat pelatihan konseling menyusui. Pelatihan konseling menyusui sangat efektif merubah perlakuanpetugas kesehatan dalam mendukung upaya pemberian ASI.Kata kunci: Pemberian ASI, dukungan petugas kesehatan dan pelatihan konseling menyusui.
Penyakit fibrosis hati merupakan outcome dari semua jejas hati kronik, dengan manifestasi berupa jaringan parut pada area jejas, hilangnya arsitektur jaringan dan kegagalan fungsi hati. Stres oksidatif berperan penting dalam patogenesis fibrosis hati. Radikal bebas menyebabkan peroksidasi lipid membran sel dan menghasilkan malondialdehid (MDA). Terapi antioksidan diduga memberikan efek menghambat progresifitas kerusakan hati. Biji jintan hitam (Nigella sativa Linn) mengandung antioksidan, antara lain berupa thymoquinon, asam linoleat dan asam oleat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan efek antioksidan ekstrak biji jintan hitam (Nigella sativa.Linn) terhadap tikus model fibrosis hati, dengan paramater berupa kadar kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) hati. Metode penelitian menggunakan true experimental dengan post test only control group design. Sampel sebanyak 30 tikus yang dikelompokkan menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok normal diberi 1 ml/KgBB corn oil i.p. lalu dilanjutkan pemberian corn oil 1 ml/KgBB/hari p.o. Satu kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakuan diinduksi CCl4 1ml/kgBB i.p 3 kali/minggu selama 8 minggu. Pada minggu ke-9, ketiga kelompok perlakuan diberi ekstrak biji jinten hitam dengan dosis berturut-turut 1,2; 2,4; dan 4,8 g/kgBB/hari selama 30 hari. Selanjutnya tikus dibedah, diambil jaringan hatinya dan dihitung kadar MDA hati. Pemberian ekstrak N. sativa dapat menurunkan kadar MDA hati (p=0,00) dan makin besar dosis N sativa, kadar MDA hati makin rendah (r = -0,614). Diduga bioaktif ekstrak N. sativa meningkatkan aktivitas enzim antioksidan endogen dan menghambat peroksidasi lipid. Kata kunci : ekstrak N. sativa, MDA hati, tikus, fibrosis hati.
Background: Direct Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) were used for Tuberculosa (TB) Control in Indonesia. Long time periode of treatment caused its drop out problem. Discontinuation of treatment and inadequate doses increased resistance and cost. Objective: To examine tuberculosis drop out treatment cases. Methods: Descriptive study. The data were collected with purposive random sampling. Results: There were 1372 patients TB in Malang, the number of drop out cases were 137 patients (17%). The patients who treatment at the puskesmas as many as 25 people (1.8%). Only four people who successfully interviewed, because patient address data were incomplete. The patient age ranged between 19-67 years, 75% of patients were reproductive age, 25% were elderly, and 75% werefemale. The Big income were 100% below the minimum wage in Malang Municipality, and 50% were unemployement. The patient education were 50% primary school graduates, 25% high school graduate, and 25% college graduate. The level of knowledge about TB disease were categorized 50% as good, 25% as moderate, and 25% as less category. The Health behavior in relation to drop out TB treatment: 50% due to the relatively faraway from the clinic, and 50% felt tired of taking medicine every day. Other causes for the occurrence of side effects. Conclusion: The high dropout rate of TB treatment due to many factors including low income, low education, poor health behaviors, and drug side effect. Keywords: tuberculosa, DOTS, drop out
Tuberculosis merupakan penyakit yang biasanya menyerang paru-paru. Inhalasi droplet yang mengandung sedikit bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis ditelan oleh makrofag alveolar. Makrofag merupakan sel target utama, namun kemudian setelah teraktifasi, akan membunuh bakteri ini dan berpartisipasi dalam respons protektif sel tipe-1 T helper dan respons Th2 untuk bakteria target ekstraseluler yang disebut imunitas humoral. Pemeriksaan serologi diperlukan pada kasus dimana pemeriksaan penunjang rutin sulit untuk menegakkan diagnose tuberculosis. Pemeriksaan tersebut antara lain menggunakan reagen dari antigen seperti antigen 5 (antigen 38 Kd), antigen kompleks 85, Early secreted antigen target (ESAT-6), antigen culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10, antigen Malate Synthase (MS) dan MPT-51. Namun demikian tidak ada pemeriksaan imunologi tunggal yang mempunyai sensisitivitas 100%, diperlukan kombinasi beberapa pemeriksaan untuk meningkatkan sensitivitasnya. Kata kunci : tuberkulosis, respons protektif, pemeriksaan serologi
Background : Iron deficinecy can cause anemia which affect health and work productivity. Moringa oleifera leaves contain a lot of iron and vitamin C, are thought to increase serum iron levels, transferin saturation, and improve total iron binding capacity.Objectives : To determine the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera lam. leaf extract on serum iron levels, transferin saturation, and total iron binding capacity in white rats (Rattus novergicus strain wistar) given a diet low in iron (Fe).Materials and methods : true experimental research using post test only control group design. The object of theis study was thirty male white mice (Rattus novergicus strain wistar) who were given a low iron diet. The study was divided into negative control group, positive control, treatment groups with a dose of Moringa leaf extract 400 mg/kg BW, 800 mg/kgBW, 1,600 mg/kg/BW, an the ferro fumaras control group (FF) 175 mg/200 BW.Results and discussion : Multivariate manova serum iron 0.001 (p<0.05), TBC 0.19 (P>0.05), and transferin saturation 0.001(p<0.05). In the post Hoc Tukey the mean serum iron and transferin saturation appeared to differ significant in the negative control group with all the other treatment groups, but did not show a significant diffrence beetwen the positive control group, FF Group, and the treatment groups.Conclusion : The adminstration of Moringa oleifera leaf extractwas less significant in improving serum iron levels, transferin saturation, and total iron binding capacity of male white mice induced by a low iron diet.
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