Abnormal regulation of the cell cycle is a feature of many neoplasms. The role of cell cycle regulators in oncogenesis has been investigated in many human tumors. Alteration of the retinoblastoma (pRb) and cyclin D1 disrupt the Rb pathway and occur in many carcinomas. However the expression of the Rb and cyclin D1 in intestinal type gastric carcinoma is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Rb and cyclinD1 in resected gastric carcinoma, their adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa and normal gastric mucosa, and finally to provide insights into the role of the Rb and cyclin D1 in gastric carcinogenesis. We investigated Rb and cyclin D1 expression in 43 patients (32 men, 11 women; mean age: 64) with primary gastric adenocarcinoma and compared the results with adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa. Adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa consisted of atrophy, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia and gastritis. Expression of Rb was detected in 30 (69.7%) of gastric carcinoma, 18 (41.8%) of the adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa. Expression of cyclinD1 protein was detected in 31 (72%) of gastric carcinoma, 24 (55.8%) of adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa. Expression of Rb and cyclinD1 was not detected in normal gastric mucosa. The positive rate of Rb and cyclin D1 expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly higher than that adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa (p<0.05). There were significant trends for increased expression of Rb and cyclinD1 from nonneoplastic mucosa including atrophy, dyplasia, intestinal metaplasia and gastritis to carcinoma. These results suggested that positive expression of pRb and cyclinD1 might be an early event in gastric carcinoma and it tend to begin at precursor lesions and maintain throughout the progression of infiltration. Key words: Retinoblastoma, cyclin D1, gastric carcinoma, dysplasia, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia.
Acute appendicitis is the most common emergency surgical condition. Although most of the resected appendectomy specimens showed typical histopathologic findings, some (1.66%) showed unusual histopathologic findings. Even if the macroscopic appearance of the specimen is normal or acute appendicitis, we suggest routine histopathological examination.
The conjunctival changes in PEX and PEXG patients recorded in this study may explain the existence of tear film abnormalities in these patients. It has been shown that PEXG and PEX syndrome cause conjunctival surface changes and reduction of tear film functions.
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and approximately half of the all lesions arise from head and neck, especially from the tongue. However, they are rarely seen in the vulva. They can occur in patients of any age, but peak age incidence is in the fourth to sixth decades. They generally occur as small, slow growing, and skin-colored nodule. GCTs are usually benign, but malignant cases were reported. Recurrence can be seen in benign tumors with clear margins, but rates increase with positive margins. The treatment is complete surgical excision. We report a case of benign GCT of the vulva. A 41-year-old patient presented with vulvar mass, and biopsy was consisted with GCT.
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