Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacillus and opportunistic emergent pathogen causing hospi- tal-acquired infections (HAIs). Due to risk factors such as prolonged intensive care unit stay and invasive procedures, it has become one of the leading causes of HAIs. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of S.maltophilia infections over a six-year period at Düzce University Hospital, Turkey. Methods: The incidence, clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and outcomes of nosocomial S. maltophilia in- fections during this period were retrospectively analyzed. Results: During the study period, 67 samples obtained from 61 patients were identified. Pneumonias (82%) were the most common HAIs, followed by bloodstream infections (10.5%), urinary tract infections (3%), skin and soft tissue infections (3%) and surgical site infection (1.5%). Admission to intensive care, hospitalization exceeding 30 days, and previous use of broad-spectrum antibiotics constituted risk factors. Resistance to cotrimoxazole (6%) was lower than that to levofloxacin (18%). Conclusion: The most important risk factors for S.maltophilia infection in patients are previous exposure to antibiotics, pro- longed hospitalization and invasive procedures such as mechanic ventilation. Discharging patients as early as possible with the rational use of antibiotics may be effective in reducing S. maltophilia infections and resistance rates. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; hospital-acquired infections; epidemiology; risk factors.

Aim: Measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox are the childhood diseases retain their importance in our country as well as all over the world. Healthcare workers have high probability of transmission due to their occupational risk; however by taking necessary protective measures, the risk can be reduced. Determining the seropositivity rates of healthcare workers; it was aimed to compare vaccination rates before and after screening. Material and Method:The personnel cards of 160 healthcare workers who worked in Akçakoca State Hospital, from January 2018-December 2018 were retrospectively scanned. Information of 100 personnel has been reached. Demographic characteristics such as age and gender; infection or vaccination history; measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox IgG results; old vaccination information and last vaccination status were recorded.Results: Total of 100 staffs, 19 (19%) men and 81 (81%) women, were included in the study. 89 staffs (89%) were found to be immune to measles. After the scanning, 11 of the personnels who were not vaccinated or had incomplete vaccines saw that the measles IgG result was negative and eight of them agreed to be vaccinated. The seropositivity rate of rubella was 93%. Five of the seven personnels with rubella IgG negative, agreed to be vaccinated. The lowest seropositivity rate was in mumps (79%). 14 of the 21 people with mumps IgG negative were vaccinated. The highest seropositivity rate was in chickenpox (96%). Three of the four people with chickenpox IgG negative were vaccinated. Conclusion:While the rate of vaccination for measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox before screening is low (12%); our post-screening rate has increased (34%). For this reason, we think that healthcare workers should be screened for measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox, and healthcare workers who are seronegative should be encouraged to vaccinate.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases in the world. With the antiretroviral treatments developed over the years, viral replication is suppressed even though the disease cannot be cured yet. However, antiretroviral therapy (ART), like all drugs, has brought with it undesirable side effects as well as positive effects. In addition, demographic characteristics, accompanying comorbidities, organ dysfunctions, viral load, CD4 T lymphocyte count, ART resistance status, coinfections, pregnancy are also effective factors in the initial ART decision and change. In this study, we aimed to show the treatment status of HIV-positive patients followed in the infectious diseases outpatient clinic of our hospital and to determine the factors that affect ART change. Materials and Methods: Demographic data of HIV-positive patients followed in the infectious diseases outpatient clinic between January 2016 and May 2021, HIV-RNA and CD4 T lymphocyte results obtained before and after antiretroviral therapy, and the reasons for changing treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 40.0 ± 13.9 (min: 20-max: 76), and 16 (18%) were female and 71 (82%) were male. Treatment was changed in 32% of the patients. Changes were made due to drug-related side effects in 43%, patient-related reasons (such as single tablet request, non-compliance with treatment) in 25%, and virological unresponsiveness in 18% of patients who underwent treatment change. The most common cause of drug changes due to side effects was hyperlipidemia. The treatment regimens that changed the initial treatment were most frequently TDF/FTC/LPV/r and TDF/FTC/EFV, respectively. Conclusion: As a result of our study, we found that the most common cause of ART change in HIV-positive patients in our hospital was drug-related side effects, and patient non-compliance was the second most common. It is important to know the factors that cause these changes in advance and to make choices accordingly when starting the treatment, in order to increase patient compliance and facilitate follow-up.

Akademisyen Yayınevi yöneticileri, yaklaşık 30 yıllık yayın tecrübesini, kendi tüzel kişiliklerine aktararak uzun zamandan beri, ticarî faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Anılan süre içinde, başta sağlık ve sosyal bilimler, kültürel ve sanatsal konular dahil 1000 kitabı yayımlamanın gururu içindedir. Uluslararası yayınevi olmanın alt yapısını tamamlayan Akademisyen, Türkçe ve yabancı dillerde yayın yapmanın yanında, küresel bir marka yaratmanın peşindedir.Bilimsel ve düşünsel çalışmaların kalıcı belgeleri sayılan kitaplar, bilgi kayıt ortamı olarak yüzlerce yılın tanıklarıdır. Matbaanın icadıyla varoluşunu sağlam temellere oturtan kitabın geleceği, her ne kadar yeni buluşların yörüngesine taşınmış olsa da, daha uzun süre hayatımızda yer edineceği muhakkaktır.

Aim: Intravenous catheter use can cause various infections ranging from infection at the site of catheter entry to bacteremia and colonization. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative micro-organisms, and effects on morbidity-mortality of catheter-related bloodstream infections developing over the last five years. Material and Methods: Data for 194 patients who underwent central intravenous catheter insertion in our hospital's intensive care unit and other departments between November 2014 and August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Blood samples taken from the catheter or the catheter tip, and blood samples collected simultaneously from the peripheral vein were included in the study, and culture results were recorded. Patients' demographic data and the effects of the factors identified on morbidity and mortality were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-two (47.4%) of the 194 patients included in the study were female and 102 (52.6%) were male, and mortality rate was 62.4% (n=121). The frequency of underlying medical conditions such as asthma, congestive heart failure, and cerebrovascular event, and receiving treatments such as immunosuppression, transfusion, tracheostomy, nasogastric tube, and mechanical ventilation were higher in mortal cases than non-mortal cases. A total of two hundred and forty microorganisms were detected in 194 patients, 121 (50.4%) of which were Gram negative bacteria, while 68 (28.3%) were Gram positive bacteria, and 51 (21.3%) were Candida species. Conclusion:As a result, it was observed that the advanced age, underlying diseases and presence of resistant microorganisms were higher in mortal cases.