No abstract

The state of law is the concept of a state based on applicable law. In the development of the state, there are two concepts of state of law used by countries in the world, namely rechtstaat and rule of law. These two concepts also inspired the Indonesian state of law but were not followed absolutely. Indonesia is still building a legal system with a culture of society. Therefore, this study aims to describe the development of the state of law in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method by using secondary data and is narrated with scientific logic. Conceptually, Indonesia does not follow the concept of rechtstaat or the rule of law because it is different from national identity. The social condition of the community consisting of various ethnic groups forced Indonesia to develop its own concept of a state of law. There is hope in the formation of laws carried out by the state, which is not only to realize the rule of law but must provide benefits to the community. Pancasila as a crystallization of the values of people's lives can actually fulfill this goal, but until now it has not been realized properly. In law enforcement, community justice must be formulated as a mandatory thing to be implemented. Every individual in society must be protected every right he has. So that the concept of the state of law in Indonesia must be correlated with the formation of useful laws and fair law enforcement. If this has been formed and is running well, then the Indonesian state of law that is beneficial to the community is not just wishful thinking.

The Constitutional Court is a state institution that has the authority to reviewing laws against the Constitution (Judicial Review). Several times in issuing its decisions, the Constitutional Court has acted as a Positive Legislator. The potential for a legal vacuum as the implication of revoking a law is large. and also the slow formation of laws by the legislative body (DPR) and the lack of quality of regulations. The current law making does not pay attention to legal ideals based on Pancasila so that the resulting legal products lose their meaning. This has resulted in many people whose constitutional rights have been violated. The state should be present to give full constitutional rights to its citizens. The Constitutional Court needs an additional authority to maintain the supremacy of the constitution. additional authority as a preventive mechanism is Judicial Preview. The French state places Judicial Preview as an authority of the Constitutional Council. Austria and Germany apply Judicial Preview as a preventive measure for losses that can occur if the Draft Law is passed. A renewal of the Constitutional Law to perfect existing ones makes the prospect of Judicial Preview in Indonesia an Urgency for immediate implementation.Keywords: Constitutional Court, Authority, Judicial Preview AbstrakMahkamah Konstitusi merupakan lembaga negara yang memiliki kewenangan pengujian Undang-Undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar (Judicial Review). Dalam mengeluarkan putusannya Mahkamah Konstitusi beberapa kali bertindak sebagai Positif Legislator. Potensi terjadinya kekosongan hukum sebagai implikasi dicabutnya suatu Undang-Undang sangatlah besar. Ditambah dengan lambatnya pembentukan Undang-Undang oleh lembaga legislatif (DPR) serta kualitas peraturan yang kurang. Pembuatan Undang-Undang saat ini tidak memperhatikan cita hukum yang berakar pada Pancasila sehingga produk hukum yang dihasilkan kehilangan maknanya. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak masyarakat yang dilanggar hak konstitusionalnya. Negara seharusnya hadir untuk memberikan hak konstitusional secara penuh kepada warga negaranya. Untuk mencegah hal tersebut maka Mahkamah Konstitusi membutuhkan suatu kewenangan tambahan untuk menjaga tegaknya supremasi konstitusi. Kewenangan tambahan sebagai mekanisme preventif tersebut berupa Pengujian Rancangan Undang-Undang (Judicial Preview). Perancis menempatkan Judicial Preview sebagai kewenangan dari Constitutional Council. Austria dan Jerman juga memberlakukannya sebagai tindakan pencegahan. Pembangunan Hukum Konstitusi untuk menyempurnakan yang sudah ada menjadikan prospek Pengujian Rancangan Undang-Undang di Indonesia menjadi urgensi untuk segera diterapkan.Kata Kunci: Mahkamah Konstitusi, Kewenangan, Judicial Preview

Human need for land has influenced land use behavior and is an acute problem in many regions. Many areas have changed their original function in order to sustain human life, one of which causes forests to be converted into settlements, plantation and agricultural areas as well as mining areas. However, often the converted land is customary land in the form of forests and not a few that have long been disputed. In the era of independence, the government recognized that customary land belonged to the state. In its implementation, customary land is recognized by the government but its ownership rights are not. The indigenous people are only allowed to manage it. This study aims to categorize solutions that can be used in resolving land-use conflicts over customary lands. This study used the traditional review method with secondary data obtained from appropriate and relevant sources. Customary land is recognized in Indonesian law through UUPA No. 5 of 1960. The highest right to land owned or controlled by community members and its implementation is regulated by customary / village elders called ulayat rights, but provided that its existence and implementation still exist. In cases that occur in various countries, there are various kinds of implementation irregularities caused by excessive usage patterns or not according to the main purpose of their use. In Indonesia, irregularities in the implementation of the Law on indigenous peoples to manage their land are often found. Even some government policies are still detrimental to society. Therefore, in resolving customary land conflicts, one must look at various angles and see the history of disputed land, and can refer to several cases that have occurred in other countries. The categorization of land-use conflict solutions can be viewed from the point of view of the resolution process, the distribution of use of customary land use for indigenous peoples in conflict, what changes in land use have occurred according to procedures or not, mapping is needed to avoid vertical conflicts. and horizontally, and the involvement of the disputing parties, as well as based on ownership rights over customary land.

A participatory society can play an essential role in the prosecution of corruption cases. By providing information on alleged corruption, a participatory community can assist anti-corruption institutions so that corruption as an extraordinary crime can be eradicated as a means of enforcing people's constitutional rights. The authors attempt to perceive things by defending constitutional rights from a societal standpoint, a right of citizens who have had their rights violated by acts of corruption. The method used in this research is a normative legal method that refers to the norms in the laws and regulations, court decisions, and social society.  The data used is secondary data obtained from various sources with appropriate and relevant topics so that it becomes chaotic in discussing related problems. The community's active role in uncovering corruption cases is part of the obligation to break the chain of corruption and fulfil citizens' rights to enforce the law. The amount of budget allocated for disclosing corruption cases is leading the government to protect citizens' constitutional rights from the threat of corruption. Although the handling is still considered unsuccessful because many cases have not been revealed, the efforts made deserve to be recognised.