Rainfall analysis is important in different domains such as: agricultural planning, water resources plannings, runoff prediction, climatological studies, environmental studies, stream flow estimation and human life activities. Variation of rainfall with space and time were studied in Duhok Governorate, Mean monthly, seasonal and annual values of rainfall were found in different weather stations (Duhok, Zakho, Semel, Zawaite, Sersing, Amedy and Akre station). Winter months represent about 45-55% of the total annual rainfall. The annual variability of rainfall in all these stations are high. Isoheytal method was used to estimate the mean monthly values and mean annual values of Variation of Rainfall with Space and Time in Duhok Government. ٣٣ rainfall over Duhok Governorate. Simple and Multiple Regression Equation were found between rainfall and different meteorological elements.

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Studding the trend analysis in climatic variables and evaluating their statistical significance in recent times are the great evidence of climate change availability. In this study, Parametric linear regression and nonparametric Mann-Kendall test were employed for detecting the seasonal and annual trends in Relative Humidity (RH) time series at seven stations in Duhok province in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The annual RH results indicate a decreasing trend at all stations except Duhok station, whereas the significance trend was observed at Mangesh station by (-0.144 %/year). The seasonal analysis shows a significant decreasing trend in RH at Akre and Amedy stations during summer season, the trends was negative at most of stations. The parametric and nonparametric results were identical at most stations especially at Duhok station, which is the annual value increased by (0.07%/year).

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Hollow anode argon glow discharge plasma has been investigated experimentally at different argon gas pressure from constant discharge current. A sufficient high voltage has been applied among the electrodes to obtain breakdown. Firstly, we studied the influence of hollow anode diameter on the breakdown voltage and Paschens law. The inner diameters of hollow anodes used in our work were (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40) mm. Secondly under the same conditions we extended our study to measure some plasma parameters in the negative glow region using direct current argon glow discharge. The temperature and density of electrons in the negative glow were measured using double probes. From the (Ip-Vp) characteristics of double probes, we obtained plasma parameters by using computer MATLAB program. The results showed that the measured Pashence's curve closes to the well-known theoretical Pashence's law. The breakdown voltage and its minimum value decreased with increasing the hollow anode diameter. The Paschen's curve became wide and shifted to lower pressure with increasing the diameter. The reduction area of hollow anode caused dens and luminous intensity of plasma to occur in the negative glow region. Increasing the diameter resulted in decreasing the temperature and density of electron.