The relevance of the study is due to the necessity to develop approaches and algorithms to combat the threat of global pandemics in order to prevent catastrophic consequences in the fields of public health and the economy. The purpose of this study is to identify priority areas of the criminological policy during quarantine activities related to COVID-19, as well as to develop a set of strategic approaches to victimological security during quarantine activities. The study used a dialectical method, as well as methods of modelling and systematic analysis of data, which allowed analysing the current challenges facing the Ukrainian legal system in defining a set of legal requirements and government decisions aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions of crime, ensuring public safety during quarantine activities related to COVID-19. The results of the study suggest that a strategic document could be an effective political and legal tool in combating and overcoming the consequences of the spread of existing and future viral diseases. Such a document should provide a clear algorithm of actions and measures to ensure the safety of citizens in crises and prevent the commission of crimes caused by the threat of pandemics. In this regard, a set of political and legal decisions of strategic importance to counter the spread of the global pandemic at the national level and the direction of the formation of criminological policy in the implementation of anti-epidemic measures. In practical terms, the results of the study can be used to develop the legislative initiative of Ukraine and other countries, comprehensive documents and strategies to regulate public relations in the face of legal restrictions related to epidemiological threats

In the conditions of scientific and technical progress, updating of legislation and law enforcement practice, technical and forensic support for the investigation of criminal offenses in the activities of investigative and expert units acquires special importance, requiring the complexity of research, including, taking into account the experience of foreign countries, which thanks to innovations in the fight against crime is gradually moving away from traditional (conservative) methods and methods of detecting, collecting and fixing traces of criminal offenses, and the situation in which law enforcement agencies have been working for more than half a century is quite close to the one that has developed today in connection with the armed military aggression against Ukraine. The latest technologies in the investigation of criminal offenses were considered and the ways of implementation of the best foreign practices in the activity of investigative and expert units of Ukraine were proposed. Attention is drawn to the application of artificial intelligence as a systematized set of information technologies, aimed at performing sufficiently complex forensic tasks. The feasibility of using the method of Forensic intelligence in Ukraine as a means of obtaining orienting and evidentiary information, which consists in combining disparate pieces of information (forensic materials) during the investigation of multi-episode (serial) criminal offenses in order to obtain a complete picture of repeated acts, is scientifically argued and establishing connections between places of criminal offenses committed by the same criminal or group of persons based on VideoAnalytics. The work of the "The Next Step" program, which allows you to compare shoe prints from different places of the commission of a criminal offense based on external features based on the geolocation of the scene, is considered. The adoption of foreign experience in the part of involving a forensic expert in the inspection of the scene of the incident with the authorization to conduct such an investigative (search) action in individual cases without the presence of an investigator, and upon completion of which to draw up an inspection protocol or an expert opinion, with further referral to the authorized entity, is substantiated (investigator) in order to reduce the burden on pretrial investigation bodies of Ukraine

У статті розглянуто генетичний підхід до пояснення злочинної поведінки та генетичну схильність до вчинення злочину. Авторами зосереджено увагу на розповсюдженні помилки, що полягає в розгляді фізіологічних і соціальних факторів як явищ одного порядку. Зроблено висновок, що генетичний підхід повинен бути спрямований на з'ясування, по-перше, ролі генетичних факторів у визначенні особливостей злочинної поведінки; по-друге, спадковості та мінливості такої форми поведінки; по-третє, впливу спадкових процесів на експресію генів, яка призводить до злочину. Доведено, що зв'язок природи й суспільства є не прямолінійним, а опосередкованим свідомістю особи. До того ж сучасні дослідження свідчать про можливість і необхідність позитивної зміни природжених властивостей. Наведене положення є принциповим для можливостей індивідуального запобігання злочинам, передусімнасильницьким. Надано характеристику практики застосування генетичного підходу.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the victimological prevention of crimes in the field of physical culture and sports. The authors of the article have carried out a general analysis of victimological prevention of crimes. The authors have defined the list of crimes, the commission of which directly resulted to physical, material or moral damage to athletes, dividing them into crimes: the victims of which are exclusively athletes and the victims of which are both ordinary citizens and athletes. Based on the motivation, the authors have accomplished classification of athletes who have become victims of criminal encroachments and have offered the directions of victimological prevention of crimes in this sphere. It should be noted that general victimological prevention measures are aimed at identifying victimogenic factors and taking measures to eliminate or neutralize them, i.e. to identify the reasons and conditions of becoming a victim related to protecting the interests of potential victims in general, and to eliminate the causes of their victimization. In general, the problem of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of victims of crimes, effective restoration of their rights, compensation for damage caused by crime, which has being studied since the mid-90s of the last century in connection with the growth rate of crime, remains unresolved, in particular, in the field of physical culture and sports.Key words: victimology; victimologic prevention of crimes; a victim; sphere of physical culture and sports  Виктимологическая профилактика преступлений в области физической культуры и спорта АннотацияЦелью статьи является анализ виктимологической профилактики преступлений в сфере физической культуры и спорта. В статье проведен общий анализ виктимологической профилактики преступлений. Авторами определен перечень преступлений, совершение которых напрямую повлекло за собой физический, материальный или моральный ущерб спортсменам, разделив их на преступления, жертвами которых являются: 1) исключительно спортсмены; 2) как обычные граждане, так и спортсмены. На основе мотивации проведена классификация спортсменов, ставших жертвами преступных посягательств, и предложены направления виктимологической профилактики преступлений в этой сфере. Отмечается, что общие меры виктимологической профилактики направлены на выявление виктимогенных факторов и принятие мер по их устранению или нейтрализации, то есть выявление причин и условий, связанных с защитой интересов потенциальных жертв в целом, и устранение причины их виктимизации. В целом проблема защиты прав и законных интересов потерпевших от преступлений, эффективного восстановления их прав, возмещения ущерба, причиненного преступлением, изучается с середины 90-х годов прошлого века в связи с ростом преступности, в частности, и в сфере физической культуры и спорта.Ключевые слова: виктимология; виктимологическая профилактика преступлений; жертва; сфера физической культуры и спорта.

No abstract