Tuberkulosis (TB) sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, walaupun upaya pengendalian strategi directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) telah diterapkan di banyak negara. Masalah yang dihadapi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang adalah keterlambatan mendiagnosis TB paru. Keterlambatan dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan TB paru dapat berasal dari pasien atau dari sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam (BTA) menurut International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) dengan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pada pasien TB paru dewasa di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret–Juni tahun 2018 dan subjek penelitian ini data pasien tuberkulosis paru di RS Al Islam dengan minimal sampel sebanyak 76 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BTA negatif dengan lesi minimal 21 dari 34, BTA+1 dengan lesi minimal 18 dari 23, BTA +2 dengan lesi moderately advanced 14 dari 21, dan BTA +3 lesi far advanced 16 dari 23. Hasil analisis Fisher’s Exact didapatkan nilai p=0.00 dengan kekuatan korelasi (rho) 0,51. Simpulan, terdapat hubungan cukup erat antara hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam dan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pasien tuberculosis paru di RS Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPUTUM EXAMINATION RESULTS OF ACID FAST BACILLI AND EXTENT OF RADIOLOGICAL LESIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT AL ISLAM HOSPITAL BANDUNGTuberculosis (TB) is still a public health problem in the world, although direct observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy control has been implemented in many countries. The problem faced in both developed and developing countries is the delay in diagnosing pulmonary TB. The delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB can come from the patient or from the health care system. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between sputum examination results of acid fast bacilli (AFB) according to International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and extent of radiological lesions in patients with adult pulmonary TB at Al Islam Hospital Bandung from 2016–2017. This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in March–June of 2018 and the subjects of this study were pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Al Islam Hospital with a minimum of 76 samples selected by purposive sampling and meeting inclusion criteria. Instrument data collection in the form of medical record. The results showed AFB negative with minimal lesion 21 of 24, AFB + 1 with minimal lesion 18 of 23, AFB +2 with moderately advanced lesions 14 of 21, and AFB +3 far advanced lesions 14 of 23. Fisher’s exact analysis results obtained p=0.00 with correlation power (rho) 0.51. In conclution that there is a sufficiently close relationship between the results of examination of acid fast bacilli sputum and an extend of radiological lung tuberculosis patients in RS Al Islam Bandung from 2016–2017.
Abstract. Stunting is one of the problems of linear growth failure due to unbalanced intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. One of the micronutrients that has a close relationship with the incidence of stunting is vitamin D which plays an important role in the development and maintenance of bone mineralization and helps the process of bone formation. Descriptive analitics research method through literature study by collecting several previous studies with the purpose to determine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the process of bone growth in stunting toddlers. The results of this study show that there is an effect of vitamin D deficiency on the process of bone growth in stunted toddlers by inhibiting the function of IGF-1 in increasing osteoblastogenesis thereby reducing the rate of bone growth. In conclusion, vitamin D has an important role in the process of bone growth in stunting toddlers. Keywords: Bone; stunting; toddler; vitamin D Abstrak. Stunting merupakan salah satu permasalahan kegagalan pertumbuhan linear akibat asupan gizi makronutrien dan mikronutrien yang tidak seimbang. Salah satu zat mikronutrien yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan kejadian stunting adalah vitamin D yang berperan penting dalam pengembangan dan pemeliharaan mineralisasi tulang serta membantu proses formasi tulang. Metode penelitian analisis deskriptif melalui studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan beberapa penelitian terdahulu dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh defisiensi vitamin D terhadap proses pertumbuhan tulang pada balita stunting. Hasil studi ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh defisiensi vitamin D terhadap proses pertumbuhan tulang pada balita stunting yaitu terhambatnya fungsi IGF-1 dalam peningkatan osteoblastogenesis sehingga menurunkan laju pertumbuhan tulang. Kesimpulan vitamin D memiliki peranan penting terhadap proses pertumbuhan tulang pada balita stunting. Kata Kunci: Balita; stunting; tulang; vitamin D
Cedera diprediksi menjadi penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan dengan fraktur sebagai trauma utama, bahkan World Health Organization (WHO) telah menetapkan tahun 2000 ̶ 2010 sebagai “The Bone and Joint Decade”. Traumatic fracture dapat terjadi pada kecelakaan lalu lintas dan non-lalu lintas. Tipe fraktur berdasar atas hubungan dengan jaringan sekitarnya, antara fragmen tulang dan dunia luar (terbuka dan tertutup) dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan jenis kecelakaan dengan tipe fraktur yang terjadi pada fraktur tulang panjang ekstremitas bawah di Rumah Sakit Khusus Bedah Halmahera tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik melalui cross sectional dan dilaksanakan selama Februari –Juni 2018. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dari data sekunder, yaitu rekam medik yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk eksklusi dihitung menggunakan uji dua hipotesis didapatkan 84 orang. Hasil penelitian bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square didapatkan nilai signifikansi variabel jenis kecelakaan (p<0,001) lebih kecil daripada nilai signifikansi uji (p<0.05), terdapat perbedaan proporsi kejadian fraktur terbuka antara korban kecelakaan lalu lintas dan non-lalu lintas. Simpulan bahwa pada jenis kecelakaan dan tipe fraktur terdapat hubungan yang dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme cedera, kekuatan energi, tipe benda, dan kronologis kecelakaan. CORRELATION BETWEEN TYPE OF ACCIDENTS AND TYPE OF FRACTURES IN LOWER-EXTREMITY LONG BONE FRACTURESInjury predicted to be a leading cause of death and disability, with fractures as the majority of trauma, even the World Health Organization (WHO) has set 2000 ̶ 2010 as “The Bone and Joint Decade”. Traumatic fractures can be caused by the road traffic accidents and non traffic accidents. Fracture types in terms of its relation to the tissues involved, between the bone fragments and the outside (open and closed fractures) can be affected by several factors. This study purposed to determine the relation between types of accidents and types of fractures occurred in Halmahera Surgery Hospital 2017. This research uses analytic method with cross sectional study and was conducted in February ̶ June 2018. Data sampling was taken by simple random sampling technique from medical records as secondary data, and the number of samples met both inclusion and exclution criteria calculated using the two hypotheses test resulted 84 people. The result of this research with chi-square test showed that the significance value of the type of accidents (p<0.001) was lesser than the test significance value (p<0.05). This concluded that in this bivariate comparation research there is a difference between the type of accidents and low extremity long bone fracture types.
Abstract. The use of chest x-rays in Covid-19 pandemic has become an alternative radiological examination that is extensively carried out, although it is less sensitive, but is widely available and its use is mobile to detect lung abnormalities in Covid-19 patients using the brixia score assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chest x-rays using the brixia score to assess the severity of Covid-19. This research was taken by scoping review method with a sample of international scientific articles that meet the eligibility criteria. The databases used in this study are Spingerlink, Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Google scholar, and Proquest with the number of articles obtained as many as 833 articles. The results of the screening of articles that met the inclusion criteria were 275 articles and there were three articles that met the eligibility criteria. The results of the three reviewed articles, one article compared the use of chest x-ray and CT in detecting lesions of Covid-19 patients with the result that chest x-ray had low sensitivity. Two articles compared the brixia score in patients who died and discharged with higher outcomes in patients who died. The conclusion of this study shows that the use of chest x-rays is not effective for detecting early-stage abnormalities and the brixia score is effective for assessing the severity of Covid-19 patients. Abstrak. Penggunaan Chest x-ray di era pandemi Covid-19 menjadi pemeriksaan radiologis alternatif yang banyak dilakukan walaupun kurang sensitif, tetapi tersedia luas dan penggunaannya mobile untuk mendeteksi kelainan paru pada pasien Covid-19 menggunakan penilaian brixia score. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas chest x-ray menggunakan penilaian brixia score untuk menilai keparahan Covid-19. Penelitian ini diambil dengan metode scoping review dengan sampel artikel ilmiah internasional yang memenuhi kriteria kelayakan (eligible). Database yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Spingerlink, Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Google scholar, dan Proquest dengan jumlah artikel yang didapatkan sebanyak 833 artikel. Hasil skrining artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi sebanyak 275 artikel dan artikel yang memenuhi kelayakan terdapat tiga artikel. Hasil dari tiga artikel yang telah di-review, satu artikel membandingkan penggunaan chest x-ray dan CT dalam mendeteksi lesi pasien Covid-19 dengan hasil adalah pemeriksaan chest x-ray mempunyai sensitivitas yang rendah. Dua artikel membandingkan nilai brixia score pada pasien meninggal dan dipulangkan dengan hasil lebih tinggi pada pasien meninggal yaitu 12 poin. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan penggunan chest x-ray tidak efektif untuk mendeteksi kelainan tahap awal dan brixia score efektif untuk menilai derajat keparahan pasien Covid-19.
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