Tuberkulosis (TB) sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, walaupun upaya pengendalian strategi directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) telah diterapkan di banyak negara. Masalah yang dihadapi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang adalah keterlambatan mendiagnosis TB paru. Keterlambatan dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan TB paru dapat berasal dari pasien atau dari sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam (BTA) menurut International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) dengan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pada pasien TB paru dewasa di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret–Juni tahun 2018 dan subjek penelitian ini data pasien tuberkulosis paru di RS Al Islam dengan minimal sampel sebanyak 76 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BTA negatif dengan lesi minimal 21 dari 34, BTA+1 dengan lesi minimal 18 dari 23, BTA +2 dengan lesi moderately advanced 14 dari 21, dan BTA +3 lesi far advanced 16 dari 23. Hasil analisis Fisher’s Exact didapatkan nilai p=0.00 dengan kekuatan korelasi (rho) 0,51. Simpulan, terdapat hubungan cukup erat antara hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam dan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pasien tuberculosis paru di RS Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPUTUM EXAMINATION RESULTS OF ACID FAST BACILLI AND EXTENT OF RADIOLOGICAL LESIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT AL ISLAM HOSPITAL BANDUNGTuberculosis (TB) is still a public health problem in the world, although direct observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy control has been implemented in many countries. The problem faced in both developed and developing countries is the delay in diagnosing pulmonary TB. The delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB can come from the patient or from the health care system. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between sputum examination results of acid fast bacilli (AFB) according to International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and extent of radiological lesions in patients with adult pulmonary TB at Al Islam Hospital Bandung from 2016–2017. This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in March–June of 2018 and the subjects of this study were pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Al Islam Hospital with a minimum of 76 samples selected by purposive sampling and meeting inclusion criteria. Instrument data collection in the form of medical record. The results showed AFB negative with minimal lesion 21 of 24, AFB + 1 with minimal lesion 18 of 23, AFB +2 with moderately advanced lesions 14 of 21, and AFB +3 far advanced lesions 14 of 23. Fisher’s exact analysis results obtained p=0.00 with correlation power (rho) 0.51. In conclution that there is a sufficiently close relationship between the results of examination of acid fast bacilli sputum and an extend of radiological lung tuberculosis patients in RS Al Islam Bandung from 2016–2017.
AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas makrofag, karena makrofag berperan penting dalam respons imun dan untuk menganalisis aktivitas fagositosis karena efek flavonoid dan polisakarida umbi iles-iles pada respons imun tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efek imunostimulasi ekstrak etanol umbi ilesiles terhadap aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag pada tikus putih strain Wistar yang diinokulasi Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental laboratorium rancang acak lengkap terhadap tikus putih strain Wistar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan dilaksanakan bulan Januari-Maret 2012. Tikus putih strain Wistar sebanyak 30 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Tikus putih strain Wistar pada setiap perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 7 hari pada tanggal 1-7 Januari 2012. Parameter efek imunostimulan ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles terhadap aktivitas makrofag secara mikroskopis adalah peningkatan jumlah makrofag, indeks fagositosis, dan secara makroskopis adalah peningkatan indeks hati, limpa, serta timus. Secara mikroskopis melalui gambaran makrofag yang dinilai setelah 1, 3 jam, dan 6 jam inokulasi S. aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah makrofag pada kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 220 mg/kgBB pada perlakuan setelah 1, 3, dan 6 jam lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 110 mg/kgBB dan 55 mg/kgBB (p<0,05), begitu juga jika dibanding dengan kelompok pembanding Zymosan A dan kontrol (p<0,05). Simpulan, ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis BL.) memiliki efek imunostimulan dan memiliki efektivitas peningkatan respons imun lebih baik dibanding dengan kontrol pembanding zymosan A 35 mg/kgBB. [MKB. 2016;48(2):68-77] Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol, indeks fagositosis, indeks hati, makrofag, umbi iles-iles The Effect of Iles-iles Tubers Ethanol Extract Immunostimulant on Macrophages Cell Phagocytic Activities in Wistar Strain White Rat Inoculated by Staphylococcus aureus AbstractThis study was conducted to test the activity of macrophages based on the notion that macrophages play an important role in the immune response. This study analyzed the phagocytic activities due to the effects of flavonoids and polysaccharides iles-iles tubers in the immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunostimulation effect of iles-iles tubers ethanol extract on phagocytic activities of macrophages in Wistar strain white rat inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. This study used a complete randomized design with wistar strain white rat. This study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from January-March 2012. Wistar strain white rats (n=30) were divided into 5 groups. Wistar strain white rats in each treatment group were given treatment that was administered orally for 7 days from 1-7 January 2012. The result shows that the number of macrophages in iles-iles tubers ethanol extract group that re...
AbstrakPenanganan penyakit infeksi diperlukan suatu imunostimulator. Propolis adalah campuran resin yang dikumpulkan lebah dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, digunakan sebagai material isolasi sarang lebah, merupakan bahan yang berpotensi sebagai imunostimulator. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu Universitas Gadjah Mada pada Januari-Maret 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peningkatan aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis kultur makrofag yang diberi ekstrak etanol propolis terhadap Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Desain penelitian eskperimen. Ke dalam kultur makrofag yang diperoleh dari tiga orang subjek, masing-masing diberi ekstrak etanol propolis 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50, dan 100 µg/mL serta kontrol tanpa ekstrak etanol propolis. Inkubasi dilakukan satu hari. Kultur diinfeksikan EPEC selama 30 menit, diwarnai dengan Giemsa dan diamati dengan mikroskop. Persentase aktivitas fagositosis diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah makrofag yang aktif dalam 100 makrofag. Nilai kapasitas fagositosis diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah bakteri yang difagosit oleh 50 makrofag. Uji analysis of variance (ANOVA) menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan aktivitas maupun kapasitas fagositosis kultur makrofag yang diberi ekstrak etanol propolis dibanding dengan kontrol (p=0,000). Uji Tukey HSD pada aktivitas fagositosis menunjukkan hasil signifikan antara kontrol dan konsentrasi 6,25 µg/mL (p=0,008), sedangkan pada kapasitas fagositosis terlihat antara kontrol dan konsentrasi 12,5 µg/mL (p=0,001). Simpulan, ekstrak etanol propolis meningkatkan aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis kultur makrofag terhadap EPEC dengan konsentrasi minimum 12,5 µg/mL. Effect of Ethanolic Extract Propolis on Phagocytosis Activity and Capacity in Macrophages Culture Infected by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) AbstractThe use of immunostimulant for infectious diseases treatment is needed. Propolis is a mixture of resin collected from plants by bees and used as an insulating material in beehives which has a potential as immunostimulant. This study was performed at Laboratory of Research and Integrated Testing, Gadjah Mada University, in January− March 2013. This experimental research aimed to analyze the increase of phagocytosis activity and capacity on macrophages culture added by propolis ethanolic extract against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). The design of this study was experimental study. Macrophage cultures obtained from three subjects were individually culture supplemented with the 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL propolis ethanolic extract. A control without the addition of propolis ethanolic extract is also used. Cultures were incubated for one day. Macrophage cultures were infected by EPEC for 30 minutes, stained by Giemsa, and observed by microscope. Percentage of phagocytosis activity is determined by the number of active macrophages per 100 macrophages. The phagocytosis capacity value was determined by counting the number of bacteria that were phagocytized by 50 macrophages. Analysis of variance ...
Penemuan antimikrob menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam pengobatan dan kemajuan medis. Tantangan dalam pengobatan menggunakan antibiotik adalah resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik yang digunakan. Salah satu bakteri yang mengalami resistensi adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Oleh karena itu, diteliti alternatif pengobatan dengan menggunakan tumbuhan yang berpotensi memiliki kemampuan antibakteri. Buah kurma varietas Ajwa telah diteliti memiliki beberapa senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Kurma Ajwa juga telah disebutkan di dalam Al-Quran dan Al-Hadits. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak akuades buah kurma Ajwa dengan melihat luas zona hambat serta konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) pada Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental secara in vitro dan bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode difusi dengan menggunakan sumuran dan metode dilusi padat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Mikrobiologi Poltekkes Bandung. Didapatkan rerata hasil zona hambat adalah 5,87 mm yang termasuk kategori sedang, KHM pada konsentrasi 50%, dan KBM belum dapat ditemukan. Berdasar atas uji statistik, hasil penelitian uji difusi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak akuades buah kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varietas Ajwa berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF EXTRACT AQUADES AJWA DATE (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN VITROThe discovery of antimicrobials has been significantly important for current treatments and the future developments in the medical field. One of the challenges faced in the usage of antibiotics is the resistance imposed by the bacteria towards the antibiotics itself. An example of such bacteria that experiences thisresistance is Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, studies regarding alternatives of treatments, specifically those utilizing various plants that may potentially have antibacterial properties are conducted. Previous studies have already shown that date palms of the Ajwa variety, known as Phoenix dactylifera, contains several active compounds that are potential antioxidants and exhibit antibacterial properties. The Ajwa date palm has also been mentioned in several scriptures of the Al-Quran and Al-Hadits. The objective of this study was to understand the antibacterial properties of aquadest-extracted Phoenix dactylifera through the measurement of the area of the zone of inhibition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Staphylococcus aureus. This study involves the use of an experimental method, known as in vitro, and is also a descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach. The methodology used consists of the well diffusion method and the solid dilution method. This study was conducted at Laboratorium Terpadu Mikrobiologi Poltekkes Bandung. The results of this study show an average zone of inhibition of 5.87 mm which is categorized as medium, a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50%, and a minimum bactericidal concentration that is yet to be found. Based on statistical tests, the result of the diffusion method shows that the aquadest-extracted Phoenix dactylifera is influential in inhibiting the growth of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
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