A total of 160 finishing pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 45.6 kg) were used in an 84d experi ment to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass char acteristics, and carcass fat quality. There were 2 pigs per pen with 8 pens per treatment. The 10 dietary treat ments were a corn-soybean meal control diet with no added fat and a 3 × 3 factorial with main effects of fat source (4% tallow, 4% soybean oil, or a blend of 2% tallow and 2% soybean oil) and feeding duration (d 0 to 42, 42 to 84, or 0 to 84). The control cornsoybean meal diet was fed in place of added fat diets when needed for duration treatment purposes. On d 0, 1 pig was identified in each pen and fat biopsy samples of the back, belly, and jowl were collected on d 0, 41, and 81 for fatty acid analysis. At the conclusion of the study, all pigs were harvested, carcass characteristics were determined, and back, belly, and jowl fat samples were collected for analysis. Overall (d 0 to 84), there were no differences among pigs fed the different fat sources for growth and carcass characteristics; howev er, pigs fed diets with added fat for the entire study had improved (P = 0.036) G:F compared with pigs fed the

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate potential detoxifying agents on growth of nursery pigs fed deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diets. Naturally DON-contaminated wheat (6 mg/kg) was used to achieve desired DON levels. In a 21-d study, 238 pigs (13.4 ± 1.8 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement. Diets were: 1) Positive control (PC; < 0.5 mg/kg DON), 2) PC + 1.0% Product V (Nutriquest LLC, Mason City, IA), 3) Negative control (NC; 4.0 mg/kg DON), 4) NC + 1.0% Product V, and 5) NC + 1.0% sodium metabisulfite (SMB; Samirian Chemicals, Campbell, CA). There were 6 or 7 replicate pens/treatment and 7 pigs/pen. Analyzed DON was decreased by 92% when pelleted with SMB, but otherwise matched formulated levels. Overall, a DON × Product V interaction was observed for ADG ( 0.05) with a tendency for an interaction for ADFI ( 0.10). As anticipated, DON reduced ( 0.001) ADG and ADFI, but the interaction was driven by even poorer growth when Product V was added to NC diets. Pigs fed NC diets had 10% poorer G:F ( 0.001) than PC-fed pigs. Reductions in ADG due to DON were most distinct (50%) during the initial period. Adding SMB to NC diets improved ( 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and G:F, and improved ( 0.02) ADG and G:F compared to the PC diet. A urinary balance study was conducted using diets 3 to 5 from Exp. 1 to evaluate Product V and SMB on DON urinary metabolism. A 10 d adaptation was followed by a 7 d collection using 24 barrows in a randomized complete block design. Pigs fed NC + SMB diet had greater urinary DON output ( 0.05) than pigs fed NC + Product V, with NC pigs intermediate. Daily DON excretion was lowest ( 0.05) in the NC + SMB pigs. However, degradation of DON-sulfonate back to the parent DON molecule was observed as pigs fed NC + SMB excreted more DON than they consumed (164% of daily DON intake), greater ( 0.001) than pigs fed the NC (59%) or NC + Product V (48%). Overall, Product V did not alleviate DON effects on growth nor did it reduce DON absorption and excretion. However, hydrothermally processing DON-contaminated diets with 1.0% SMB restored ADFI and improved G:F. Even so, the urinary balance experiment revealed that some of the converted DON-sulfonate can degrade back to DON under physiological conditions. While further research is needed to discern the stability of the DON-sulfonate, SMB appears promising to restore performance in pelleted DON-contaminated diets.

Data from existing literature were used to generate equations to predict finishing pig back, belly, and jowl fat iodine values (IV) and an experiment was conducted to evaluate these equations. The final database included 24, 21, and 29 papers for back, belly, and jowl fat IV, respectively. For experiments that changed dietary fatty acid composition, initial (INT) diets were defined as those fed before the change in diet composition and final (FIN) diets were those fed after. The predictor variables tested were divided into 5 groups: 1) diet fat composition (dietary percent C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, EFA, unsaturated fatty acids, and IV product) for both INT and FIN diets, 2) day feeding the INT and FIN diets, 3) ME or NE of the INT and FIN diet, 4) live performance criteria (initial BW, final BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F), and 5) carcass criteria (HCW and backfat thickness). The PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC) was used to develop regression equations. Evaluation of models with significant terms was then conducted based on the Bayesian information criterion. The optimum equations to predict back, belly, and jowl fat IV were backfat IV = 84.83 + (6.87 × INT EFA) - (3.90 × FIN EFA) - (0.12 × INT days) - (1.30 × FIN days) - (0.11 × INT EFA × FIN days) + (0.048 × FIN EFA × INT days) + (0.12 × FIN EFA × FIN days) - (0.0060 × FIN NE) + (0.0005 × FIN NE × FIN days) - (0.26 × backfat depth); belly fat IV = 106.16 + (6.21 × INT EFA) - (1.50 × FIN days) - (0.11 × INT EFA × FIN days) - (0.012 × INT NE) + (0.00069 × INT NE × FIN days) - (0.18 × HCW) - (0.25 × backfat depth); and jowl fat IV = 85.50 + (1.08 × INT EFA) + (0.87 × FIN EFA) - (0.014 × INT days) - (0.050 × FIN days) + (0.038 × INT EFA × INT days) + (0.054 × FIN EFA × FIN days) - (0.0066 × INT NE) + (0.071 × INT BW) - (2.19 × ADFI) - (0.29 × backfat depth). Dietary treatments from the evaluation experiment consisted of a corn-soybean meal control diet with no added fat or a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of fat source (4% tallow, 4% soybean oil, or a blend of 2% tallow and 2% soybean oil) and feeding duration (d 0 to 42, 42 to 84, or 0 to 84). The back, belly, and jowl fat IV equations tended to overestimate IV when observed IV were less than approximately 65 g/100 g and underestimate belly fat IV when actual IV are greater than approximately 74 g/100 g or when the fat blend was fed from d 0 to 84 or 42 to 84. Overall, with the exceptions noted, the regression equations were an accurate tool for predicting carcass fat quality based on dietary and pig performance factors.

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Effects of a novel protease enzyme (CIBENZA DP100) on finishing pig growth Effects of a novel protease enzyme (CIBENZA DP100) on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics performance and carcass characteristics