Translation as a process of meaning making activity requires a cognitive process one of which is realized in a pause, a temporary stop or a break indicating doing other than typing activities in a certain period of translation process. Scholars agree that pauses are an indicator of cognitive process without which there will never be any translation practices. Despite such agreement, pauses are debatable as well, either in terms of their length or in terms of the activities managed by a translator while taking pauses. This study, in particular, aims at finding out how student translators and professional translators managed the pauses in a translation process. This was a descriptive research taking two student translators and two professional translators as the participants who were asked to translate a text from English into bahasa Indonesia. The source text (ST) was a historical recount text entitled 'Early History of Yellowstone National Park' downloaded from http://www.nezperce.com/yelpark9.html composed of 230-word long from English into bahasa Indonesia. The data were collected using Translog protocols, think aloud protocols (TAPs) and screen recording. Based on the data analysis, it was found that student translators took the longest pauses in the drafting phase spent to solve the problems related to finding out the right equivalent for the ST words or terms and to solve the difficulties encountered in encoding their ST understanding in the TL; meanwhile, professional translators took the longest pauses in the pos-drafting phase spent to ensure whether their TT had been natural and whether their TT had corresponded to the prevailing grammatical rules of the TL.

Mangongkal Holi is known as the highest level of tradition on Batak Toba daily life practices. Previously, this tradition was done by those limited families for the reasons of funding and its complicated management. But nowadays, the practice of mangongkal holi tradition is more rarely to be found; eventhough there are many local wisdom implicitly impressed on it. This study is part of the first writer’s dissertation, entitled Tradisi Mangongkal Holi pada Masyarakat Batak Toba (Mangongkal Holi Tradition in Batak Toba Society). This research was done in qualitative research, the data were collected through direct participatory observation, in-depth interviews with many batak toba informants (adat’s experts, practitioners and academicians/theologians), as well as audio-visual documentation. The data were analyzed by using Miles, and Huberman model; where data condensation, data display and data conclusion/verification were the three concurrent flows activities done to make sure the process of data analysis precisely on the track. The final conclusion of this research state that there were nine local wisdom found in mangongkal holi tradition, they are: thanksgiving, respect, humble/humility, blessings, responsibility, mutual cooperation, prays, concession in dialogue, and prestige; where all these local wisdom will be well-stored and longlasting while mangongkal holi tradition conserved through good and acceptable design of recommended revitalization model. The writers believe that there are still many solutions to solve the problems of funding, such as: down-grading the level of ceremony, or unifying more individual saring-sarings in a mangongkal holi ceremony.

This study aims at describing metaphors of Bahasa Aceh that used by the language community in

Many students are faced problems when they learn English language as a foreign language. It is part of English teachers' job to solve the problems in teaching learning process directly by motivating students. Though in the fact, teachers may not always be possible to motivate all students. But however, this should never discourage teachers from trying to motivate their students. This study explores politeness strategies used by the teachers in motivating students to learn English in the classrooms, based on Brown and Levinson's Politeness Strategies. The purpose of this study is to find out what types of politeness strategies that are used by the teachers and how the teachers' politeness strategies realized in motivating students to learn English. The action was applied at Junior High School. The respondents are three non-native English teachers of SMPN 4 Langsa, and 80 students in three classes.The research conducted in duration 2x80 minutes English lessons in each of classes.The data is collected through descriptive qualitative data, and used instrument observation, video-recorded, and interview. The result showed that the teachers employed positive politeness, negative politeness, and bald on-record strategies as well. They used positive politeness especially to make good interaction between teacher and students while teaching learning process in order to encourage students motivation, they used negative politeness to avoid imposition to the students in learning, and they used Bald on-record when efficiency is necessary and taskoriented.

This thesis entitled Dysphemism Used in Deadpool Movie. Dysphemism in Deadpool is problematized in its home country, i.e. the United States, due to its excessive occurrences. For this reason, this study aims at 1) to find out the types of dysphemism which illuminate the uses of dysphemism, and 2) revealing the functions which explain why the characters utilize such dysphemistic words. The theory of Dysphemism proposed by Allan & Burridge (2006) is used to reveal the functions of the use of dysphemism. In addition, the author also uses a semantic approach by delineating the meaning of dysphemism in a lexical and contextual manner along with examples of its use in context. Moreover, the analysis of componential meaning is used to observe the types of dysphemism based on Allan & Burridge's theory and Rawson's theory. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research are words and phrases which indicated dysphemism. The sources of the data are transcript and video. There are 95 dysphemism data obtained and observed by the writer. The result of this research shows that three types of dysphemism are found in the movie, i.e. profanity, obscenity, and insult. The dysphemism type mostly found is the obscenity with 31 data (33%). In addition, there are seven functions of the use of dysphemism revealed: to humiliate something or someone else, to express anger, to emphasize thing or condition, to state and represent a very bad thing or condition, to express astonishment or amazement, to show intimacy and to express excitement. The most dominant function of dysphemism that is used in this movie is to humiliate something or someone else with 79 data (83%).