The aim of this study was to demonstrate that Capsicum spp. cultivars are differentially preferred by the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and to investigate the role of volatile semiochemicals in conferring differences in host preferences. Two preference assays were conducted in 2008 under greenhouse conditions. Fourteen different commercially available cultivars were grown in cages protected by an anti-aphid net, and were infested 60 days after planting, through the release of ten adult female A. gossypii per plant. The results showed that after a five-day infestation period, statistically significant differences in the mean number of A. gossypii between cultivars were observed, with Sweet Pepper Hybrid Green Belt (SPHGB) being one of the cultivars with the lowest number of A. gossypii per plant. To test the hypothesis that the preference of cultivars was associated with release of volatile, Capsicum spp-derived semiochemicals, olfactometer behavior bioassays were conducted with A. gossypii, using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected from non-preferred SPHGB and preferred SPAB cultivars. A. gossypii was significantly repelled only by the VOCs of infested SPHGB. Furthermore, coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of VOCs released by plants prior to, and after, A. gossypii infestation, revealed that the non-preferred SPHGB cultivar released nine additional compounds after infestation, including 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, a known plant defense semiochemical involved in plant-aphid interactions. These data suggest that non-preferred cultivars releasing this semiochemical have the potential to be used in breeding programs aimed at producing A. gossypii-resistant Capsicum spp. cultivars.
The Annona fruit borer, Cerconota anonella Sepp., is a serious agricultural pest in many tropical areas of the world. The identification of an attractant for male C. anonella could offer new methods for pest detection and control. A mixture of compounds extracted from female C. anonella elicited antennal depolarization in the male borer. These compounds were identified as octadecanal, 1-octadecanol, octadecyl acetate, (Z)-octadec-9-enal (Z9-18:Ald), (Z)-octadec-9-en-1-ol (Z9-18:OH) and [(Z)-octadec-9-enyl] acetate (Z9-18:Ac) by one-and two-dimensional gas chromatographymass spectrometry. In laboratory bioassays, synthetic individual compounds as well as synthetic mixtures were found to be attractive to males. In addition, field tests using Delta traps with 1 mg of the ternary mixture composed of Z9-18:Ac, Z9-18:Ald and Z9-18:OH in the ratio of 1 : 3 : 5 caught as many males as traps containing virgin females. The ternary mixture of Z9-18:Ac, Z9-18:Ald and Z9-18:OH was identified as attractant to C. anonella males and can be used to detect and control populations of this insect in Annonaceae plantations.
Sulfentrazone is an herbicide used as a pre-plant incorporated or pre-emergence treatment. The electrochemical oxidation of sulfentrazone was studied, by cyclic, differential and square-wave voltammetry on unmodified and on glassy carbon nanotube-modified electrodes, and by controlled-potential coulometry and electrolysis. The voltammograms of sulfentrazone showed a main irreversible diffusion-controlled pH-dependent oxidation peak. The in situ DNA-damaging capacity of sulfentrazone was also investigated, employing double stranded ds-DNA-modified glassy carbon electrode, without evidence of interaction. On the other hand, in a solution of sulfentrazone and single stranded ss-DNA, the oxidation signals of the respective bases decreased concentration-dependently, indicating binding of sulfentrazone to guanine and adenine. The electro-Fenton method was employed to promote decontamination by eliminating the herbicide, resulting in almost 60% of mineralization.
O presente trabalho visa avaliar aspectos bioecológicos e químicos de P. torridus na herbivoria. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, não sistemática. A varreadura dos artigos científicos para elaboração da revisão foi realizada nas bases eletrônciacas Scielo, ScienciDirect, BVS, Scopus e Google Acadêmico. A espécie Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) (Euphorbiaceae) produz matéria-prima para obtenção de biodiesel. O seu alto conteúdo de óleo e baixo custo de produção tornam-a uma cultura altamente promissora sob o ponto de vista econômico e social, uma vez que se desenvolve em pequenas propriedades, com a mão-de-obra familiar disponível. Por isso, é cultivada em vários países, dentre eles: China, Índia, Filipinas, Malásia, Nicarágua, Honduras e Brasil. Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli, 1772) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) é o único representante da família Scutelleridae de impacto agrícola no Brasil. Esse percevejo é a principal praga da Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) (Euphorbiaceae), a qual produz matéria-prima para obtenção de biodiesel. de J. curcas. Palavras-chave: Pinhão-manso; Eficiência fotoquímica; Percevejo do pinhão-manso; Comportamento reprodutivo.
A utilização desenfreada de herbicidas sintéticos podem contribuir para ocorrência de resistência por parte das plantas, poluição do meio ambiente e danos a saúde do homem. Com isso, muitas pesquisas são realizadas, na busca por bioherbicidas de origem vegetal. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar, por meio de um planejamento fatorial 23, quais condições experimentais favorecem a inibição ou diminuição do desenvolvimento inicial de sementes de Lactuca sativa frente os extratos aquosos e etanólicos, obtidos a partir das sementes e folhas de Annona Squamosa. Para isso, foram preparados os extratos etanólicos, bem como, extratos aquosos das sementes e das folhas seguindo com a realização dos bioensaios utilizando as sementes de alface, frente aos extratos nas concentrações 50% e 100% em laboratório. Dentre os resultados alcançados, tem-se que as folhas da espécie A. squamosa podem apresentar efeito inibitório na germinação das sementes de Lactuca sativa, quando o solvente de extração utilizado for etanol (interação 12) e quando a concentração do extrato for mais diluída (50%, interação 13). Ao considerar uma alelopatia de inibição de germinação e desenvolvimento de sementes receptoras, a utilização das folhas de A. squamosa para preparação do extratos é mais indicado.
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