АннотацияВведение. Целью нашей работы явилось совершенствование хирургических методик родоразрешения при истинном приращении плаценты. Материалы и методы. Нами было проанализировано 17 историй родов пациенток, перенесших органосохраняющие операции на матке при вращении плаценты за 2018-2019 гг. Выбор оптимальной тактики для ведения пациенток в отделении патологии беременности клиники БГМУ и каждого случая оперативного лечения врастания плаценты производился совместно со специалистами ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России.Результаты и обсуждение. Все пациентки были прооперированы в плановом порядке, их возраст и паритет не имел статических различий (р > 0,1). Выполнение операции по данной методике не привело к существенному возрастанию ее продолжительности. Также средняя величина кровопотери 2200 мл не является значительной при данной операции. Полагаем, что эти показатели будут улучшены по мере накопления практического опыта выполнения таких вмешательств и в дальнейшем будут сокращены.Заключение. Примененный метод оперативной тактики с использованием временной окклюзии общих подвздошных артерий показал высокую эффективность и позволил снизить величину интраоперационной кровопотери. И несмотря на выполнение донного разреза на матке для удаления плода и иссечения области вращения плаценты, у обследованных больных не наблюдалось значительных осложнений во время операции, а также осложнений в раннем и позднем послеоперационном периоде. Первые результаты позволяют рекомендовать данную методику как метод выбора при вращении плаценты, наблюдение за пациентками будет продолжено.
The incidence of post-puncture haematomas following percutaneous renal biopsy in 23 patients (24 punctures) is reported. The incidence of renal haematomas was 29.1%. The diagnostic value of computer tomography and sonography is discussed. Amongst small haematomas (less than 7 ml. blood), which could only be demonstrated by computer tomography, 8.2% were purely intrarenal, 8.2% were sub-capsular and 12.3% showed combined intrarenal, subcapsular and perirenal bleeding. The incidence of sub-capsular and perirenal haematomas of 20.5% is considerably lower than has previously been reported in literature.
Background. Plausible predictions of future mortality and disability are useful aids in making decisions about priorities for medical research. Recent advances in medicine have led to the fact that some countries, such as Japan, have the highest life expectancy in the world. Osteoporotic fractures make a significant contribution to the development of morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Despite an active study of the mechanisms of the development of pelvic organ prolapse and disorders of bone mineral density separately, the general background of these diseases has previously been little studied. Aim. To study bone density according to densitometry data in peri- and postmenopausal women. Materials and methods. To carry out this study, 2 groups of women were formed. The first (experimental) group included 76 women admitted for routine surgical treatment of genital prolapse, the second group (control) 68 women without clinical manifestations of pelvic floor descent, who underwent a medical examination by a gynecologist on an outpatient basis. Results. Analysis of extragenital diseases in women included in the study showed a high prevalence in the experimental group of hypertension (p=0.028), osteochondrosis (p=0.001), scoliosis (p=0.028), hemorrhoids (p=0.013). Also, women in this group more often noted stretch marks on the skin (p=0.002) and were more often operated on for other diseases (p=0.043), which indicates the association of genital prolapse with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and hypertension. The diagnosed severe osteoporosis (according to 1 or more densitometry indicators, where the T-score is less than -2.5) had a direct correlation with the duration of menopause. For a detailed analysis of the factors influencing severe osteoporosis in peri- and postmenopausal women, logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis were performed. The independent variable was the presence of severe osteoporosis, and the dependent variables were: stage according to POP-Q, the presence of hypertension, the presence of diabetes mellitus in history. Conclusion. This study confirms the presence of a comorbidity decrease in bone density according to densitometry and the presence of hypertension (p=0.028) and genital prolapse. According to the ROC analysis, an increase in the stage of genital prolapse according to the POP-Q classification increases the risk of developing severe osteoporosis.
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