Abstract. The use of modern eco-oriented approaches in agriculture ensures not only the conservation of natural resources and the restoration of damaged ecosystems, but also the growth of agrocenoses productivity, increasing the tolerance of artificial ecosystems to unfavorable factors of natural and anthropic origin. The identification of consortia relations, carried out in the present article, allows to create the information database for accumulating and processing information on the patterns of ecosystem functioning in arid conditions. This provides researchers and farmers with a set of unified ecosystem tools to ensure sustainability and productivity of agrocenosis that increases the economic efficiency of management system and ensures the success of environmental management.The research carried out in three typical landscape localizations are intended to assess the state of agrocenoses, the nearby low-changed steppe sites and man-made intrusions, characterized by a high degree of anthropogenic load. The patterns of species distribution in the studied communities, the features of material and energy exchange will allow creating a database for describing the typical consortia, forecasting processes in agrocenoses and natural communities, controling the metabolism of the communities using metered-dose unidirectional biotic and abiotic agents. The distinctive natural and artificially modified communities are described. Soil and climate, phytocenological, zoological and microbiological characteristics of the studied objects are given. The peculiar forms of intrusions, the features of spatial distribution and quantitative dynamics of the species composing the communities are revealed and described; the typical species-edificators are pre-determined.The authors also determine the choice of consortium relations that are significant for the implementation of targeted high-precision management of biocenoses with the aim of increasing the stability of natural communities and the economic efficiency of agrocenoses.

Onistratenko N.V., Ivantsova E.A., Denysov A.A., Solodnikov D.A.: Heavy metals in suburban ecosystems of industrial centers and ways of their reducation. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 35, No. 3, p. 205-212, 2016. Technogenic contamination of ecosystems is one of the main dangers of our time. In order to reduce the harmful effects of this contamination and to provide cost-effective and environmentally safe food production methods, we are forced to look for ways of reliable analysis of the environmental situation, the selection systems of animal husbandry and regulations for the degree of impact of pollutants on the elements of the agroecosystem. This article presents the results of studies aimed at assessing the plight of the environment of a large industrial centre, and its anthropogenic impacts on every element of the suburban ecosystems. It presents data on maintenance and migration of anthropogenous pollutants in the trophic chains of pasturable ecosystems of the suburb of Volgograd. The authors have listed the industrial enterprises as the key sources of pollution. The features of the distribution of xenobiotics in the tissues and organs of calves and heifers of different breeds were analysed in the study. Conclusions were drawn on the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in cattle, and the impact of this factor on the quality of production. A comparative assessment of the resistance of different breeds of cows to the action of toxicants in the environment of the Lower Volga region was carried out. Ways to decrease the impact of pollutants on the cattle organism have also been suggested. The article pays attention to the environmental pollution of the industrial centre, the influence of these processes on all elements of an ecosystem including humans, and offers ways to minimize the damage.

The need to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural complex in the face of increasing aridity, as well as the need to reduce product contamination with xenobiotics, makes agricultural producers turn to the achievements of environmental science and practically use the general patterns of the structure and functioning of ecosystems. The goal of the authors' research was to clear the ways of influencing agrocenosis through the use of natural consortium relations between different species. The article describes the methods of research and the results, the significance of which for agroecosystems of the Lower Volga region is high due to their wide applicability and the absence of earlier systematized information on this topic. Readers are invited to the typical consortia "cultivated plant-phytophagous", "weed plantphytopathogenic microbiocomplex", "phytophagousentomophage", "cultural plant-entomophage", combination and alternation of which allows us to build manageable trophic chains that naturally reduce the influence of pests and weeds plants onto the cultivated crop.

The article discusses the indicators of sustainable development given from the standpoint of the classical concept of sustainable development. The methods used are analyzed to identify criteria for sustainable development. The indicators of sustainable development have been known and developed for a long time. However, their development did not take into account the regional fix, which would allow creating a permanent set of the most representative indicators for a certain territory. Volgograd and Rostov agglomerations are chosen as objects. A complex analysis of the regional indicators of sustainable development is carried out taking into account physiographic, climatic, sectoral features, the economic potential and ecological well-being of Volgograd and Rostov agglomerations. The work assesses the ecological and economic sustainability of the agglomerations under study, which allows to give the comparative analysis of the territory development predictive models. Today, it is still too early to talk about the effectiveness of achieving criteria for sustainable development in urban agglomerations. The accepted methods cannot be considered effective due to the fact that the efforts of all areas of management are needed. In the forecast, we can talk about a slight increase in the stability of Rostov agglomeration due to capital inflows. Taking into account current trends, Volgograd agglomeration can face a gradual decrease in sustainability requiring an immediate intervention.

Доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой экологии и природопользования, Волгоградский государственный университет Ivantsova.volgu@mail.ru, econecol@volsu.ru просп. Университетский, 100, 400062 г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация Аннотация. Рассмотрены причины низкого уровня вовлечения вторичных ре-сурсов в хозяйственное использование в Российской Федерации. Установлено, что су-ществующая система обращения с твердыми бытовыми отходами (далее -ТБО) в регионе представляет собой нераздельный сбор отходов, их транспортировку на поли-гоны или на места временного размещения отходов, которые в большинстве случаев выступают в роли мест длительного хранения; отсутствие процесса сортировки и вы-деления полезного компонента приводит к увеличению количества отходов и затрачен-ных средств для захоронения ТБО. Отмечено, что основными задачами и перспектив-ными направлениями развития системы управления в сфере обращения с ТБО для Волгоградской агломерации являются: максимальное использование раздельного сбо-ра ТБО с целью получения вторичных ресурсов и сокращение объема утилизирован-ных отходов; применение новейших технологий по переработке ТБО во вторичные материалы, что позволит вернуть их составляющие в производственный цикл; рекуль-тивация закрытых полигонов ТБО и ликвидация несанкционированных свалок, что по-зволит уменьшить занимаемые ими площади и их негативное влияние на окружающую среду; оптимальная эксплуатация существующих полигонов ТБО с учетом последую-щей рекультивации территорий; организация пунктов сбора вторичного сырья; строи-тельство мусоросортировочных комплексов для переработки ТБО и предприятий по переработке вторичного сырья.Ключевые слова: твердые бытовые отходы, вторичное сырье, утилизация, вто-ричная переработка, селективный сбор отходов.Проблема ТБО является весьма акту-альной, поскольку ее решение связано с необ-ходимостью обеспечения нормальной жизне-деятельности населения, санитарной очистки городов, охраны окружающей среды и ресур-сосбережения. Ежегодно в Российской Феде-рации образуется около 7 млрд т промышлен-ных и бытовых отходов, из которых использу-ется только около 2 млрд тонн. По данным Росприроднадзора, ежегодно в РФ образует-ся порядка 60 млн т ТБО, в том числе 50 млн т -от населения, 10 млн т -от пред-приятий. Ежегодно объем образования ТБО в России увеличивается на 3-4 %, в Европей-ском союзе -на 2 % в год [10; 17; 19]. При этом быстрее всего растет количество поли-мерных отходов. Наибольшее процентное со-держание полимерных отходов наблюдается в Японии и государствах ЕС -10-15 %, в Рос-сии оно составляет 6 %. Ежегодное увеличе-