The paper is devoted to the problems of implementation and protection of children's rights to life and to health which are highly relevant in the world community, including the Russian Federation. The authors investigate the norms of all the branches of law, within the legal system of the Russian Federation, where measures of protection of this right and responsibility for its violation are established. In addition, the current Russian legislation on health protection, compulsory health insurance, circulation of medicines, transplantation of organs, tissues, and other aspectsare analyzed thoroughly and comprehensively. The international and foreign experience in rights regulation and the opinions of Russian and foreign scientists on various contentious issues relating to understanding of the juvenile's right to survival and healthcare are thoroughly revealed in the paper. Researchers conclude about the apparent lack and low efficiency of legal tools ensuring the realization and protection of this right in the national legislation of the Russian Federation. The study is intended for scholars, professors, graduate students and law students as well as for specialists, whose activities are directly related to the protection of the rights and interests of juveniles.
It is impossible to imagine modern life without education. It allows a person to learn something new, to know the reality around, to realize their abilities, to reveal their talents, to find a vocation in life. Education is not only the process of learning new information, but it is also the upbringing and development of the individual, their exposure to the world and national culture, the formation of a certain system of values. Currently, there are several problems in education, like in any other public sphere, that cause active discussion in society and require resolution at the legislative level. This article presents a legal study of spiritual education, taking into account its legal regulation and implementation in Russia at the present stage. The authors of the article consider the most important aspects of the implementation of the right to spiritual education in Russia and conduct a comparative legal analysis of the Russian legislation on spiritual education. The article considers the types of educational organizations that provide religious education and their educational programs, describes the foreign experience of religious education, and conducts a systematic analysis of educational standards of higher education. The authors identify current problems in the field of organization and implementation of religious education, give recommendations for their solution, and indicate areas for improving legislation on religious education. It is concluded that the introduction of subjects teaching religion in educational institutions is legal in compliance with the principle of voluntary choice of education.
The article examines the question of the implementation of the Federal Law No. 422 "On Conducting an Experiment to Establish a Special Tax Regime "Tax on Professional Income" in the City of Federal Significance Moscow, the Moscow and Kaluga Regions, and in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)". The authors considered the main prerequisites for the adoption of the Federal Law No. 422, and also analyzed the positive trends in the development of the entrepreneurial activity of the self-employed. The paper reveals deficiencies in the legislative framework for the activities of the self-employed population and formulates suggestions for improving the preferential tax regime for the self-employed category of citizens
Globalization as a phenomenon, being universal by its nature and character, covers not only the global economy, finance, and mass media, where it manifests itself in the most developed form, but also in other spheres of social life, including law. At the same time, the impact of global factors significantly affects the essential and substantive aspects of the state's legal system. The article deals with such concepts as globalization, unification, and universalization in the context of human rights theory. The universal culture of human rights is based on the universalization of the idea of human rights and the universal recognition of such values as human dignity, freedom, and responsibility. The development of human rights is considered as a social phenomenon included in the general dynamics of social processes. First of all, the influence of globalization on human rights in the context of intensively developing states and the rights and methods of intercultural dialogue are studied. The formation of a universal culture of human rights depends on the extent to which the idea of human rights and its values, enshrined in international standards and implemented in the national legislation of states, are perceived and reinterpreted in local cultures. An important feature of the modern system of human rights protection is the fact that, at the early stages, the formation of protective mechanisms occurred under the influence of national (domestic) characteristics of a state. However, since the middle of the 20th century, global factors have had a significant impact on this process. A study on the problem of methodological substantiation of the human rights concept in modern conditions of social development is presented in the article.
The article deals with topical issues of legal recognition of a new type of human rights – somatic rights as rights that appeared in connection with the rapid development of biomedical science. This has given rise to a number of difficulties since these rights are characterized by a purely personal nature and close relationship with the physiological nature of a person. The concept of bioethics is given as an emerging social institution, the meaning of which is to regulate conflicts arising in the field of new medical technologies, on the one hand, and directly with the individual and society on the other. The purpose of this article is to consider the main types of somatic rights, their characteristics and definition, as well as some normative legal acts on the regulation of this type of legal relations in Russia and abroad. Human rights are not a fixed category. Human rights standards have historically emerged, changed and developed in the process of development of society and statehood. Legal constructions characterizing a person as a subject of law with an inherent set of rights, duties, and freedoms were formed at each historical stage in the development of human rights and freedoms. The institute of human rights is in constant development, aimed at expanding the number of rights and freedoms, as well as improving existing ones. Currently, law enforcement agencies do not have the task of expanding existing rights and freedoms. An important point in the development of the last generation of the institute of human rights is to ensure and guarantee the protection of human and citizen. Human rights must be realized in accordance with modern ideas, the current level of development of society, the new challenges they face and the new requirements of democratic development. Theoretical approaches in the field of somatic rights classification, as well as international legal and national regulation of this problem, are investigated using the system, structural and functional methods.
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