PENDAHULUANKetoprofen merupakan obat golongan antiinflamasi nonsteroid (NSAIDs), turunan ABSTRACT: Improvement of the dissolution rate of ketoprofen as a model for a poorly water-soluble drug by solid state co-grinding technique with hydrophilic polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E6 (HPMC) using mortar grinder apparatus have been investigated. Three different formulations prepared with varying drug : carrier ratio 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 (w/w). The physical mixture prepared with ratio 1:1 (w/w). X-ray diffraction showed a decrease of the peak intensity of ketoprofen. DSC analysis showed a decrease of the melting point of ketoprofen. FTIR analysis showed no chemical interaction between drug and polymer. In this investigation, it was found that solubility tended to increase with an increase in the amount of polymer used. Solid dispersion ratio 1:2 showed the highest solubility (6,5 fold). However, unlike the solubility results, the dissolution rate increased with decreases in polymer concentration due to thick diffusion layer formation of the polymer. Solid dispersion ratio 2:1 showed the highest dissolution (2.1 times).ABSTRAK: Telah dilakukan peningkatan laju disolusi ketoprofen sebagai model zat aktif yang sukar larut air dengan teknik penggilingan bersama (co-grinding) dengan polimer hidrofilk hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E6 (HPMC) menggunakan alat mortar grinder. Tiga formula disiapkan dengan perbandingan zat aktif : polimer 1:2, 1:1, dan 2:1 (b/b), dan campuran fisik dibuat dengan menggunakan perbandingan 1:1 (b/b). Difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan intensitas puncak ketoprofen. Termogram DSC menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan titik leleh ketoprofen. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi kimia antara zat aktif dengan polimer. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kelarutan obat meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi polimer. Dispersi padat rasio 1:2 menunjukkan peningkatan kelarutan terbesar (6,5 kali). Tidak seperti kelarutan, laju disolusi ketoprofen meningkat dengan menurunnya kosentrasi polimer karena terbentuknya lapisan difusi yang tebal oleh polimer. Dispersi padat resio 2:1 menunjukkan peningkatan disolusi tertinggi (2,1 kali). J u r n a l S a i n s F a r m a s i & K l i n i s (p-ISSN: 2407-7062 | e-ISSN: 2442 diterbitkan oleh Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia -Sumatera Barat homepage: http://jsfkonline.org Jur nal Sains Farmasi & Klinis , 3(2),[193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201] Keywords Pembuatan campuran fisikaCampuran fisika ketoprofen dan hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E6 (HPMC) pada perbandingan berat 1:1, dibuat dengan cara mencampur kedua bahan dengan menggunakan spatula. terdispersi secara merata dipermukaan HPMC E6. Analisis Spektrofotometri FT-IR Analisis Analisis Termal (DSC)Hasil ini sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara ketoprofen dan HPMC yang akan menghasilkan senyawa yang lebih amorf.Pengujian disolusi ketoprofen, campuran fisik dan hasil penggilingan ketoprofen -HPMC E6 dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat disolusi tipe II, dengan kece...
A B S T R A K PENDAHULUANSejalan dengan kemajuan teknologi dan pengetahuan di bidang farmasi, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengembangkan pembuatan bentuk sediaan obat dengan sistem lepas lambat. Keunggulan bentuk sediaan ini adalah menghasilkan suatu tingkat mantap kadar obat dalam darah atau jaringan yang merata, efektif secara terapeutik dan tidak toksik untuk suatu periode waktu yang panjang, sehingga tidak perlu mengulangi pemberian unit dosis, biasanya 8-12 jam. Metode yang biasa dilakukan adalah mikroenkapsulasi (Benita, 1989; Ansel, 1991;Noviza et al., 2013;Srifiana et al., 2014). Mikroenkapsulasi adalah suatu proses penggunaan penyalut yang relatif tipis pada partikel-partikel kecil zat padat atau tetesan cairan dan pendispersi zat cair. Mikroenkapsulasi meliputi penyalutan partikel dengan dimensi yang berkisar antara 1 -5.000 mikrometer (Lachman et al., 1994;Halim et al., 2011).Dalam mikroenkapsulasi, keadaan inti, stabilitas, konsentrasi bahkan penyalut dan metoda yang digunakan perlu diperhatikan. Salah satu metoda yang sering digunakan adalah metoda penguapan pelarut. Metoda penguapan pelarut adalah salah satu dari beberapa metoda yang digunakan untuk memproduksi mikrokapsul dan metoda paling sederhana yang bisa dilakukan (Dehgan et al., 2010).
Microencapsulation is one of the pharmaceutical technologies that could be implemented in other fields of study. Previous researchers haveformulated fertilizer microcapsules using polystyrene (PS):polycaprolactone (PCL) as matrix. Microcapsules were prepared by a solvent evaporation method using PS:PCL(2:1). Characterization of microcapsules produced including spectroscopicanalysis by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), particle size distribution, determination of urea content in microcapsules, release test, and kinetics model of active substance release. Results showed that the FT IR analysis confirmed no chemical interaction between urea and PCL during the microencapsulation process. SEM results showed the microcapsules obtainedwere spherical in shape. The particle size distribution of urea microcapsules was in the range of 50-400 μm. The microencapsulation efficiency and release efficiencywere 86.75 ± 1.56%, and 46.54%, respectively. The urea release kinetics from the microcapsules following the Langenbucher equation. It means the release mechanism was based on diffusion and erosion.
Ranitidine HCl is a histamine H2-antagonist
Urea,a nitrogen fertilizer,is needed by plants, but its absorption is still in-optimal caused by very fast dissolved. It can cause also negative effects on the environment. This study aimed was to examine the effect of several ratios of polystyrene (PS)-polycaprolactone (PCL) bioblend polymers coating urea on the release efficiency of urea microcapsules. The microcapsules were produced in 3 formulas by varying the amount of PS:PCL in Formula F1, F2, and F3 at the ratio of 85:15, 90:10, and 95:5%, respectively. Urea particle size used was at a range of 1-10µm. Coating ordinary urea by microencapsulation technique using PS-PCL bioblend can produce the slower release of urea compared to ordinary urea but only lasts up to 45 minutes due to initial burst effect or fast release at the beginning of dissolution. The highest release efficiency of urea from coated urea was from Formula F2 (68.47%)and the lowest one was from Formula F3 (61.83%).
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