Estratégias para o controle de capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis)Resumo -As características de agressividade do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) e a existência de biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate colocam esta planta daninha em evidência no cenário agrícola brasileiro. Neste sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação de estratégias para o manejo de capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) resistente ao glyphosate na cultura do milho safrinha. A utilização de paraquat na dessecação pré-colheita da soja seguida da aplicação de clethodim dois dias após a colheita da proporcionou a maior flexibilidade para a escolha dos herbicidas utilizados em pós-emergência do milho. Palavras-chaves: controle químico, inibidores da ACCase, mistura em tanque Abstract -The sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) characteristics of aggressiveness and the existence of glyphosate resistant biotypes puts this weed in evidence in the Brazilian agricultural scenario In this regard, the present study aimed at the development and evaluation of strategies for the management of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) resistant to glyphosate in out-of-season corn crop. The use of paraquat in pre-harvest burn-down of soybean followed by the application of clethodim two days after harvesting soybeans provided flexibility to choose the herbicide used as post-emergent in corn.

-Several cases of herbicide resistance in goosegrass have been confirmed worldwide. Reports of control failures after glyphosate application have been observed, especially in the Midwest region of Paraná State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of goosegrass populations resistant to glyphosate. For this, 25 populations collected in two consecutive seasons (2013/ 2014 and 2014/2015) were sown and grown in greenhouse. Glyphosate dose-response curve experiments were performed using doses of 0, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1,920, 3,840, 7,680 and 15,360 g a.e. ha -1 . The application stages were from two to three tillers (E1) for the populations of 2013/2014 and E1 and five to six tillers (E2) for the populations of 2014/2015. Furthermore, three of the populations supposedly considered resistant in these experiments (populations 7, 19 and 25) have had their F1 submitted to the herbicide dose-response test in order to verify whether the resistance was inheritable. With the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that the populations 19 and 25, from Campo Mourão and Luziânia (Midwest of Paraná) are the first confirmed cases of goosegrass resistant to glyphosate in Brazil (RF = 3.99 to 6.81), following all the criteria for confirmation of new weed resistance cases. (2013/2014 e 2014/2015) foram semeadas e cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Experimentos de curva de dose-resposta de glyphosate foram realizados utilizando-se as doses de 0, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1.920, 3.840, 7.680 e 15.360 g e.a. ha -1 Keywords: Eleusine indica, dose-response, application timming, resistance factor. RESUMO -Diversos casos de resistência de capim-pé-de-galinha têm

Resumo -Abstract -The 2,4-D has been one of the most widely used herbicide in combination with glyphosate, especially in applications desiccation pre-planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding 2,4-D to glyphosate for the control of weed species considered difficult to control (Commelina benghalensis, Richardia brasiliensis, Euphorbia heterophylla, Spermacoce latifolia, Ipomoea grandifolia e Conyza spp.). The experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The first factor was composed of stages of development of weeds (2-4, 4-6 e >10 leaves) and the second factor by treatment with glyphosate (720 g i.a. ha -1 ), 2,4-D (670 g i.a. ha -1 ) glyphosate+2,4-D (720+670 g i.a. ha -1 ) and a treatment without herbicide (control). For Conyza spp. in green house, were performed three additional herbicide treatments varying doses of glyphosate and 2,4-D. The addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate is crucial to accelerate and improve weed control considered unwieldy as those studied in this work.

Resumo -Abstract -The 2,4-D has been one of the most widely used herbicide in combination with glyphosate, especially in applications desiccation pre-planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding 2,4-D to glyphosate for the control of weed species considered difficult to control (Commelina benghalensis, Richardia brasiliensis, Euphorbia heterophylla, Spermacoce latifolia, Ipomoea grandifolia e Conyza spp.). The experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The first factor was composed of stages of development of weeds (2-4, 4-6 e >10 leaves) and the second factor by treatment with glyphosate (720 g i.a. ha -1 ), 2,4-D (670 g i.a. ha -1 ) glyphosate+2,4-D (720+670 g i.a. ha -1 ) and a treatment without herbicide (control). For Conyza spp. in green house, were performed three additional herbicide treatments varying doses of glyphosate and 2,4-D. The addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate is crucial to accelerate and improve weed control considered unwieldy as those studied in this work.

Resumo -O controle químico de plantas daninhas na cultura do sorgo é limitado pela baixa quantidade de herbicidas registrados para a cultura. Estudos sobre os efeitos e eficácia dos herbicidas na cultura do sorgo são fundamentais para aumento de alternativas para o controle da comunidade infestante. A partir deste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de intoxicação provocado pelos herbicidas na cultura do sorgo, bem como a eficácia destes para o controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi realizado a campo no delineamento em blocos casualizados, avaliando-se oito tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência (g ha -1 ): trifluralin (1200), Smetolachlor (768) e clomazone (1000); quatro tratamentos com herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência: bentazon (720), bentazon + atrazine (480 + 880), atrazine (2200) e bentazon + pendimethalin (720 + 1000); além de uma testemunha sem herbicida (com plantas daninhas). Os herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência (clomazone, trifluralin e S-metolachlor) causaram elevada intoxicação às plantas de sorgo. Não foram constatadas injúrias nas plantas de sorgo pela utilização dos herbicidas em pós-emergência. Os herbicidas clomazone e trifluralin apresentaram controle para todas as plantas daninhas monocotiledôneas avaliadas, entretanto o S-metolachlor somente não obteve controle para C. echinatus. O uso de atrazine ou a sua mistura com bentazon se mostrou promissores para controle de plantas daninhas dicotiledôneas. Palavras-chaves: controle químico; dicotiledôneas; monocotiledôneas; intoxicação Abstract -Chemical weed control in sorghum crop is limited by the low quantity of herbicides registered for the crop. Studies on the effects and effectiveness of herbicides in sorghum crop are essential to increase alternatives for the control of weeds. In this context, the present study was to evaluate the effect of intoxication caused by herbicides in sorghum, as well as the effectiveness of these for weed control. The experiment was conducted the field in a randomized block design, evaluating eight treatments with four replications. The treatments consisted of three herbicides 1 Recebido para publicação em 27/05/2016 e aceito em 24/09/2016. 2 Mestre em Produção Vegetal pela Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil.