No abstract

, SIDNEY ALBERTO DO NASCIMENTO FERREIRA 4 RESUMO-A goiaba-da-costa-rica (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) é uma espécie frutífera nativa da América Central, cultivada em pomares domésticos. Visando a contribuir para o estabelecimento de técnicas de implantação e condução de plantios comerciais, foi realizada a caracterização física de frutos e sementes dessa espécie. Assim, foi verificado que o valor médio da massa fresca dos frutos foi 42,19 g, da polpa foi 39,72 g e das sementes foi 2,47g, com número em torno de 72,8 sementes por fruto. As sementes apresentam formato irregular, com valores médios de comprimento, largura e espessura de 4,29 mm, 4,11 mm e 2,68 mm, respectivamente. O fruto apresenta atributos favoráveis ao aproveitamento industrial, como o elevado rendimento em polpa (94%) e o formato globoso, levemente achatado nos pólos (valor da relação diâmetro longitudinal/diâmetro transversal = 0,83). O número elevado de sementes por fruto representa uma característica facilitadora à propagação e produção de mudas. Termos para indexação: Myrtaceae, Psidium friedrichsthalianum, características biométricas, rendimento de polpa. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF COSTA RICAN GUAVAS PRODUCED IN MANAUS, AMAZONASABSTRACT-The Costa Rican guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) is a native fruit tree species of Central America cultivated in home gardens. The physical characterization of fruits and seeds of this species was done with the aim of contributing for the establishment of the implementation of techniques and commercial crops management. In this way, it was verified that the average fruit fresh weight was 42.19g, and pulp fresh weight was 39.72g, and seed fresh weight was 2.47g, with 72.8 seeds per fruit. The seeds are irregularly shaped, with average length, width and thickness of 4.29mm, 4.11mm and 2.68mm, respectively. The fruit presents favorable attributes for industrial exploitation, with high pulp yield (94%) and a round shape, somewhat flattened on the apex and base (longitudinal diameter/transversal diameter ratio = 0.83). The high seed number per fruit represents a characteristic that facilitates the propagation and seedling production of the species. Index terms: Myrtaceae, Psidium friedrichsthalianum, biometric characteristics, pulp yield.A espécie Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Niedenzu -Myrtaceae, conhecida no Brasil como goiaba-dacosta-rica e tendo como sinonímia botânica Calyptropsidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg), é encontrada naturalmente na Colômbia (especialmente no Cauca e vales de Magdalena), ao longo da América Central e ao redor de Oaxaca no México, em bosques pantanosos ao longo da costa e no interior; é cultivada em quintais de residências na Costa Rica e, ocasionalmente, em El Salvador, Guatemala e Equador (McVaugh, 1969;Morton, 1987).A árvore alcança 6-10m de altura e possui ramos avermelhado-escuros, levemente pubescentes quando jovens. O tronco é marrom-avermelhado com manchas acinzentadas. As folhas são opostas, simples, inteiras e glandulosas; o pecíolo mede 5-...

Germinação de sementes de Germination of Cynometra bauhiniifolia Benthan (jutairana) seeds in terms of desiccation and maintenance under humid conditionsabstRact Jutairana (Cynometra bauhiniifolia) is a species normally found in river banks, lakes and streams, and is currently being usedfor urban tree planting in the city of Manaus(aM), because of its visual and, or, aesthetic appearance. The object of this study was to evaluate the viability and the vigor of Cynometra bauhinnifolia seeds in terms of drying and maintenanceof fruits and seeds in water. This wasundertaken in two independent experiments. in the first, the effect of the drying period (0 to 10 days), or of moisture content in thegermination and vigor of seeds, wasevaluated in an entirely randomized experiment, with 11 treatments and 4 repetitions. in the other,seed germination and vigor was evaluatedin terms of fruit or seed conservation in water or in natural environment, during one month. in this, the delineation was entirely randomized, in factorial 2 (condition of the seed: in the fruit or isolated) X 2 (surrounding of conditioning) X 7 (period of conservation: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days), with four repetitions. The Cynometra bauhinnifolia seeds were dispersed with high moisture content (54,1 %) and their viability decreased when dehydrated. The critical moisture content was 46,6 % to 41,4 %, while the lethal moisture content was below 28,6 %, which is a typical characteristic of recalcitrant seeds. The conditioning of fruits, or seeds, in aerated water was satisfactory for the maintenance of theseed viability for 30 days.

Psidium friedrichsthalianum is a species whose fruit can be used to make juices, jellies/jams and sweets, and its seedlings serve as rootstocks with resistance to Meloidogyne spp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of seeds of this species at different germination temperatures, and to verify the effects of different moisture levels on their storage in two experiments. In the first, six germination temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ºC) were evaluated, and in the second, seeds with different moisture levels (15.4, 9.8, 9.0, 8.4, and 8.2%) were stored in sealed containers at 20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Seed germination was favored by temperatures of 20 ºC and 25 ºC, reaching 93% and 87%, respectively, along with the highest germination speed indexes (2.582% day1 and 2.568% day-1) and shortest germination times (37.9 and 36.9 days). Temperatures of 30 °C and 35 °C maintained the seeds quiescent, while 40 °C was lethal. In storage, the seeds tolerated desiccation to 8.2% moisture content and could be stored in sealed containers at 20 ºC for 12 months, with germination higher than 70%.

No abstract