No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This paper presents a portable and contactless microfluidic flowmeter based on the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) principle, which can measure flow rates up to 2.7 ml/min with ±16 µl/min (±0.6% full-scale) error. It consists of a millimeter-size RF coil wound around a microfluidic channel, custom readout electronics and a 0.5 T permanent magnet with 50 ppm inhomogeneity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported low-field NMR microfluidic flowmeter.

The aim of the study is to assess the yield, fruit quality, phenolic compounds, and organic acids of the Granny Smith Challenger apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) grown under protective shade nets. In the study, control (unnetted, T1), shade nets with 15% weave (T2), 20% weave (T3), 35% weave (T4), and 55% weave (T5) were selected as treatments. In both years of the study, yield and % marketable fruit increased significantly as overall % weave resulted in shading increases. The effect of 35% weave on yield and % marketable fruit was more distinct. The highest leaf area was recorded with T5 while the highest trunk cross-section area (6.16 and 6.64 cm 2 plant −1 in 2015 and 2016, respectively) and canopy volume (2.70 and 2.92 m 3 plant −1 ) were obtained in T3 treatment. Mass and diameter of fruit harvested from the T4 treatment (259.8 and 253.8 g, 76.3 and 74.4 mm, 92.5 and 90.3 mm in 2015 and 2016, respectively) were significantly higher than fruit of the other treatments. Fruit firmness under the protective