Risiko usahatani dapat disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan agroekologi, faktor input, dan manajemen. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk (a) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi dalam usahatani padi di lahan pasang surut, (b) menganalisis beda resiko produksi padi di lahan pasang surut pada tipe luapan yang berbeda, dan (c) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko produksi padi di lahan pasang surut. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 75 rumah tangga yang dipilih dengan metode simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan regresi liner berganda dengan model fungsi produksi cobb-douglas dan fungsi produksi just and pope. Selain itu juga digunakan analisis one way anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (a) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi padi adalah lahan, benih, Urea, herbisida, tenaga kerja, umur petani, dan dummy tipe luapan B. Setiap penambahan luas lahan 1 persen akan menambah produksi padi 0.0342 persen. Setiap penambahan benih 1 persen akan diikuti kenaikan produksi padi 0,1054 persen. Setiap kenaikan Urea 1 persen akan menaikkan produksi padi 0.0576 persen. Setiap bertambahnya herbisida 1 persen akan diikuti peningkatan produksi padi 0.0825 persen. Setiap peningkatan tenaga kerja 1 persen akan menaikkan produksi 0.0165 persen. Semakin bertambah umur petani sampai batas tertentu (periode usia produktif) produksi padi semakin meningkat. Produksi padi di lahan tipe B berbeda nyata (lebih tinggi) dengan tipe luapan yang lain (A dan C); (b) Berdasarkan uji LSD, risiko produksi pada tipe B lebih rendah dibanding tipe A. Sedangkan risiko produksi tipe C tidak berbeda dengan tipe A dan tipe B. Berdasarkan nilai standar deviasi, risiko produksi paling tinggi pada tipe A diikuti tipe C, dan tipe B, atau dengan kata lain tipe B mempunyai rIsiko produksi paling rendah; (c) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko produksi padi adalah lahan dan benih dengan pengaruh negatif. Setiap penambahan luas lahan sebesar 1 persen akan menurunkan risiko produksi padi sebesar 1.1126 persen. Setiap penambahan benih sebesar 1 persen akan diikuti penurunan risiko produksi padi sebesar 1.7244 persen. Kata Kunci: produksi, usahatani, resiko, padi, tipe luapan, pasang surut

The increase in the number of smallholders (Independent farmers) in Bonti District faces challenges from limited knowledge about cultivation, optimizing the use of production factors, sustainability in production, and the absence of institutions (farmer groups, cooperatives, and farmer groups combined) so that it becomes a problem in the application of the 4 principles and 20 ISPO criteria. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation of independent farmer groups within the ISPO certification framework. The research method uses the descriptive approach to analyze institutional conditions based on ISPO criteria also uses fishbone diagrams to find out the main problems and to create solutions. The results of this research show the farmers' institutional principles have not been implemented, while 65.96% of the ISPO criteria have not been implemented and only 34.04% of the ISPO criteria have been implemented by farmers. The absence of farmer groups, data collection, and counseling for independent farmer groups in Upe Village. However, farmers show a good response to the initiation of the farmer groups' formation because there is hope that it will facilitate production inputs and the sale of TBS.

<p>Kecamatan Pontianak Utara merupakan daerah penghasil komoditas sayuran tertinggi di Kota Pontianak dengan produksi bayam tertinggi diantara kecamatan lainnya, akan tetapi sebagai sentra penghasil bayam petani dihadapkan pada risiko produksi, yang dimana petani menjadi penentu ketersediaan bayam tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisi risiko produksi dan pengaruh faktor-faktor produksi terhadap risiko produksi usahatani bayam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder, penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus <em>Slovin. </em>Metode analisi data yang digunakan adalah koefisien variasi (CV) untuk melihat tingkat risiko produksi dan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan pendekatan fungsi <em>variance </em>produktivitas oleh Just <em>and</em> Pope untuk melihat pengaruh faktor-faktor produksi terhadap risiko produksi.<em> </em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CV risiko produksi usahatani bayam sebesar 15% pada lahan ≥ 0,5 Ha dan 70% pada lahan &lt; 0,5 Ha. Faktor risiko produksi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi bayam adalah pupuk urea.</p>

Mempawah Regency Government has a mission to improving the economy that oriented to the community. The goal is to develop the economy through food security (agriculture commodity crops, horticulture, livestock, fisheries and biodiversity) and reinforced by forests management and plantations to improve the welfare of farmers. Mempawah regency is one of the regencys that the economic life of the people still depend on agribusiness system, particularly the agricultural sector. Based on the (Gross Regional Domestic Product) GRDP value of Mempawah Regencys years 2008 to 2012 the agricultural sector, especially the food crops subsector has the highest contribution to Mempawah Regency’s GRDP compared to other subsectors. The goal of this study is to analyze which subsector that became the basis of agricultural sector in the Mempawah Regency and the leading commodity of food crops and horticulture. This study uses three analysis tools i.e Dynamic Location Quotient Analysis to analyze what is the basis of the agricultural sector in the Mempawah Regency. Shift-Share Analysis and Growth Ratio Model Analysis to analyze any commodity which is the leading commodities of food crops and horticulture. The results from this study is, subsectors which are the basis of the agricultural sector in the Mempawah Regency is the food crops, forestry, and fishery subsector. The leading commodity in the Mempawah Regency of food crops are rice, the leading commodities of vegetables are cucumbers and kangkung, and the leading commodity of fruits are bananas.Keywords : Basis, Leading Sector, Food Crops Subsector and Horticulture

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the average abnormal return, the average trading volume of activity, and the average bid-ask spread on the stock of oil palm companies in Indonesia before and after the announcement of New Normal in Indonesia and the opening of lockdown in the country export destination. In this study, three countries were taken by the Netherlands, Malaysia, and Singapore. 13 companies sampled in this study are determined using purposive sampling techniques. The data used in this study are secondary data accessed by researchers through the Yahoo Finance website and the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The variables used in this study are abnormal returns, trading volume activities, and bid-ask spreads. The testing carried out in this study used a paired t-test and tested Wilcoxon test. The results of this study indicate: (1) The results of statistical testing on the average abnormal return during the event, there is a difference in the normal new event in Indonesia, the opening of lockdown in the Netherlands and Singapore. The average value of the abnormal return is positive, so it can be concluded that this event is categorized as good news. (2) The results of statistical testing on the average trading volume activity during the event show a difference in the opening of the lockdown in Malaysia. (3) The results of testing at the average bid-ask spread during the event show a difference in the opening of the lockdown in Malaysia.