Pedikulosis kapitis dikategorikan sebagai penyakit yang terabaikan dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan. Infestasi Pediculus humanus capitis dengan mudah ditularkan melalui hubungan langsung antar individu atau benda pribadi yang digunakan bersama. Pedikulosis kapitis memiliki berbagai faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan terjadinya infestasi Pediculus humanus capitis. Penyakit ini menyerang semua usia terutama usia muda dan cepat meluas dalam lingkungan hidup yang padat seperti asrama dan panti asuhan. Gejala klinis yang khas berupa gatal disertai adanya bekas garukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko dengan infestasi Pediculus humanus capitis pada anak panti asuhan di kota Pekanbaru. Anak panti asuhan yang diperiksa berjumlah 127 orang dari 3 panti asuhan di Pekanbaru. Hasil pemeriksaan didapatkan infestasi Pediculus humanus capitis pada perempuan lebih tinggi (87,1%), infestasi berdasarkan kelompok usia lebih banyak terjadi pada usia 6-12 tahun (65,9%), infestasi Pediculus humanus capitis menurut karakteristik rambut tertinggi pada keriting (81,8%). Anak yang memiliki panjang rambut sebahu adalah 91,3%. Kebiasaan anak yang selalu memakai alat rambut dan tidur bersama memiliki infestasi Pediculus humanus capitis sebesar 57,5% dan infestasi Pediculus humanus capitis untuk anak yang mencuci rambut 3 kali seminggu adalah 58,3%. Jenis kelamin dan karakteristik rambut memiliki hubungan yang signifikan mempengaruhi kejadian pedikulosis kapitis dengan nilai p<0,05.
Diarrhea is one of the most frequent diseases of infants and children in the world. In developing countries, diarrhea is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. In 2009, the incidence of diarrhea in children in Pekanbaru there were more than 5-6 people per day. Pekanbaru is the densely populated city that is very easy occurrence of diarrhea in children. Many factors affect the incidence of diarrhea in children, one of which is the environment, hygiene and nutritional status of children. This study aims to determined the profile of children with diarrhea in Health Centers Inpatient Pekanbaru. A total of 96 patients of diarrhea in children Pekanbaru Health Center Inpatient obtained most of the male sex (54.2%), with the age of majority was especially toddlers aged 1-3 years. Nutritional status in patients with diarrhea was generally a good. Stool characteristics in childhood diarrhea patients was mostly mushy, not slimy and does not bleed. Keywords : diarrhea, children, Health CenterDiare pada anak merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan yang penting di negara berkembang termasuk di Indonesia. Diare di Indonesia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama karena masih sering menimbulkan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) dan kadang disertai kematian. 2 Diare adalah pengeluaran tinja yang lunak atau cair dengan frekuensi tiga kali atau lebih perhari dengan atau tanpa darah atau lendir dalam tinja. Diare terdiri atas diare akut dan diare kronis. Diare akut adalah kejadian diare yang berlangsung kurang dari 14 hari.3 Kejadian diare akut di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 60 juta kasus setiap tahunnya, dan 1-5 % di antaranya berkembang menjadi diare kronis. 4 Berdasarkan data dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Riau Tahun 2009, kajian dan analisis dari beberapa survei yang dilakukan, angka kesakitan diare pada semua golongan umur adalah 423/1000 penduduk. Episode diare pada golongan balita adalah 1,5 kali per tahun. Angka kematian diare pada semua golongan umur 54/100.000 penduduk dan pada balita terjadi 55.000 kematian (2,5/1.000 balita). 5Kejadian diare di Pekanbaru berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Pekanbaru, angka kejadian diare pada anak tercatat sebanyak lebih dari 5-6 orang perhari. Data tersebut diperoleh dari 17 Puskesmas yang ada di Pekanbaru pada tahun 2007.2 Sebanyak 85% diare disebabkan oleh virus dan sisanya disebabkan oleh bakteri, parasit, jamur, alergi makanan, keracunan makanan, malabsorbsi makanan dan lain-lain. 6 Pekanbaru merupakan kota yang berpenduduk padat sehingga sangat mudah terjadinya penularan diare pada anak.Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian diare pada anak. Faktor higiene dan sanitasi merupakan faktor yang dominan karena kebanyakan agen penyebab diare baik bakteri, virus maupun protozoa ditularkan melalui perantaraan vektor mekanik seperti lalat yang banyak terdapat pada seseorang dengan higiene dan sanitasi yang jelek. Higienitas anak balita sangat tergantung pada orang tuanya, sedangkan pada usia yang lebih besar apalagi usia sekolah, higienitas selain ...
Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by Cryptosporidium sp. Cryptosporidium sp. are single cell of coccidian caninfected human and animals. Cryptosporidiosis are considered a cause of emerging and opportunistic infections inhuman. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium are ovoid or spherical and 4 to 6 micrometers diameters. The parasite is located inthe brush border of the epithelial cells of the small intestine. Currently, eight species of Cryptosporidium are known toinfect human and there are two species, C parvum and C muris which most common species reported to infect childrenand immunocompromised patient especially AIDS patient with diarrhea.
Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a significant health problem. The high number of cases requires preventions, including controlling the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti mosquito. One of the control methods is the use of insecticides containing organophosphate. This study aims to detect organophosphate resistance in Aedes aegypti from DHF endemic subdistrict, Riau, Indonesia by a sensitivity test of temephos and 5% malathion and measuring the activity of non-specific alpha and beta esterase enzymes. Methods: This observational study determined Aedes aegypti resistance from larvae to adult in one DHF endemic subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia. The bioassay was used for temephos sensitivity of Aedes aegypti larvae. The LC99 value was analyzed using probit and compared with the diagnostic value from WHO. The WHO susceptibility test was conducted to determine 5% malathion resistance from adult mosquitoes. The mortality of less than 90% was declared as resistant. Measurement of alpha and beta esterase levels used Lee's microplate assay technique based on visual identification and absorbance value (AV). Results:The results showed that Aedes aegypti were resistant to temephos. It also showed that adult mosquitoes were resistant to 5% malathion. Based on the alpha esterase activity test, it was found that most of the mosquitoes showed very sensitive meanwhile, based on the beta esterase activity test, most of the mosquitoes were moderate resistance. Conclusions: This study suggests that Aedes aegypti population from DHF endemic subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia are indicated to develop resistance to organophosphate.
Opportunistic intestinal protozoa are protozoa that can infect humans at a time when the body’s defense system isdeclining (immunocompromising). Opportunistic protozoan infections are infections by intestinal protozoa that werenot previously considered important, but now can cause disease in humans. Opportunistic intestinal protozoan infectionsbesides being found in immunocompromised patients are also reported to infect children. Some of the intestinalprotozoan species that have been identified to cause infection are Cryptosporidium sp, Isospora belii, Cyclospora sp,and Blastocystis hominis. This study was an analytical study with a cross sectional design conducted in June 2018until January 2019. In this study, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used and the results were 25.6% of orphanagesinfected with opportunistic intestinal protozoa, which consisted of Cryptosporidium sp. as much as 14.1%, Blastocystishominis as much as 4.6%, infection with a mixture of Cryptosporidium sp and Blastocystis hominis as much as 4.6%,Isospora belii as much as 2.3%, and no infection by Cyclospora cayetanensis. There was no association betweenopportunistic intestinal protozoan infections with poor handwashing habits, bowel habits, food hygiene, drinkingwater treatment, and bad animal raising habits.
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