RESUMO.O presente trabalho avaliou a composição físico-química e microbiológica de filés congelados de peixes regionais utilizados no cardápio das escolas da rede pública estadual de ensino. Foram analisadas 10 amostras de filés congelados referente às espécies Dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), Mapará (Hypohythalmus spp.), Pirarara (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus), Piranambú (Pinirampus pirinampus) e Tucunaré (Cichla. spp.) obtidas no depósito da gerência de distribuição de merenda escolar da secretaria estadual de educação do Amazonas. Foram realizadas análises de umidade, proteínas, lipídios, cinzas e valor calórico, além de análises microbiológicas: coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, e presença/ausência de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. em 25g de alimento. Os resultados microbiológicos encontrados foram comparados com os padrões microbiológicos para pescado e produtos de pescado que constam na legislação brasileira. Os filés avaliados evidenciaram bons aspectos nutricionais e microbiológicos, encontrando-se dentro dos parâmetros exigidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), estando aptos para o consumo da comunidade estudantil. Palavras chave: Qualidade de alimentos, peixes regionais, alimentação escolar Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of frozen fish consumed in school lunch in the state of AmazonasABSTRACT. The present work evaluated the physical-chemical and microbiological composition of frozen fish fillets of regional fish used in the menu of the schools of the state public school system. Ten samples of frozen fillets Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, Hypohythalmus spp., Phractocephalus hemioliopterus, Pinirampus pirinampus and Cichla spp. Were collected from the Distribution Management warehouse of School Lunch from the State Department of Education of Amazonas. Moisture, protein, lipids, ashes and calorific values were analyzed, as well as microbiological analyzes: total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase positive Staphylococcus, and presence / absence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in 25g of food. The microbiological results were compared with the microbiological standards for fish and fish products that are included in the Brazilian legislation. The evaluated fillets showed good nutritional and microbiological aspects, being within the parameters demanded by the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA), being classified as suitable for the consumption of the student community.
This study evaluated the microbiological quality of dry-salted arapaima marketed in two fairs of the state of Amazonas. Were acquired twenty salted-dried fishes samples coming from the Sustainable Development Reserve Uaiti-Paraná in Fonte Boa and PANAIR in Manaus. The products of PANAIR and Fonte Boa observed the following results: for Salmonella, all samples showed satisfactory results (Absence in 25g). However, all the other results in CFU / g: staphylococci (1.0x103, 1.2x103), halophilic bacteria (2.6x103, 6.0x103) and fungi (2.5x103, 5.1x10³) outside the limit allowed by Brazilian law. The products were unfit for human consumption, indicating the need best technologies to obtain arapaima salted-dried without risk to consumer health
Patterns of water for fish farming and / or for the protection of natural fauna are lax as to bacteriological and aesthetic qualities although very demanding as the chemical characteristics as the fish do not require the presence of oxygen, organic matter and microorganisms as food, pH and temperature stability. Artificial eutrophication is one of the negative effects that the continuous release of effluents can cause aquatic ecosystems generating impacts harmful to local biodiversity. To check the efficiency of treatment of fish farming wastewater systems through the use of macrophytes, used the aquatic macrophyte Pistia stratiotes as "purifying agent" of the effluent generated by a fish farm. The treatment system consisted of an experimental tank excavated earth 120 m2 the which were allocated copies of macrophyte Pistia stratiotes collected in unpolluted lotic, distributed in the way tank to fill out approximately 30% of its surface. The results obtained suggest that treatment with the macrophyte Pistia stratiote is efficient in absorbing nutrients, and may thus be recommended as mitigation measure to avoid pollution and / or eutrophication of water systems.
O surimi é carne de pescado, submetida a lavagens sucessivas, onde se eliminam gordura, sangue, substâncias odoríferas e proteínas solúveis em água, resultando em pasta branca, sem odor e sabor característicos de peixe, permitindo melhor aproveitamento do pescado e dos resíduos gerados pelo processamento. Entretanto, sua estabilidade durante o congelamento depende do uso de crioprotetores, que conferem menor perda de umidade durante a estocagem e no descongelamento. Testaram-se três formulações com misturas de três compostos crioprotetores para avaliar o que proporciona maior estabilidade ao surimi de matrinxã. A carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) foi submetida a três ciclos de lavagem em água gelada (0 a 5 o C) e de pH ajustado para 7,0 (0,5% de bicarbonato de sódio), a fim de retirar as proteínas sarcoplasmáticas, lipídios e pigmentos heme. Para retirada do excesso de água, a CMS lavada foi submetida à pressão em prensa hidráulica. A capacidade de retenção de água (CRA) foi maior para o tratamento 3 (6% de sacarose, 6% de sorbitol e 0,5% de tripolifosfato), com 90,04%, indicando maior estabilidade do surimi de matrinxã sob congelamento. A SDS-PAGE revelou que a miosina de cadeia pesada foi muito mais suscetível à hidrólise do que a actina, sendo mais propensa à degradação proteolítica do que outras proteínas como actina, troponina e tropomiosina.Palavras-chave: Tecnologia de alimentos, pescado de água doce, gel de surimi.
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