The intolerant attitude developing in the contemporary Indonesia becomes a problem that must be immediately solved because this can threaten the religious life and the unity of the nation and the state. This paper aims to discuss the problematic concept of tolerance-intolerance by applying the sociological perspective with the expectation that the result will provide contribution in the moderate religious way of life in the Indonesian perspective. This research concludes that if the differences and diversity are not managed well, intolerance will be the result. The differences and diversity existing in Indonesia must be considered as uniqueness and cultural richness for the purpose of unity. Through this understanding, the seeds of exclusivism, radicalism, and fanaticism can be erased. Research Contribution: The research result will provide contribution toward the establishment of tolerance practical values among religious followers in the grassroot level and form the moderate attitude in the middle of the society so they accept pluralism as the living standard of a healthy state.

In this paper we report on a pilot study of the teaching and learning at Sekolah Tinggi Teologi KADESI (STTK), a tertiary theological institution in Yogyakarta, during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Our methods for collecting data were to survey the 40 students and conduct one-to-one interviews with the 10 lecturers at STTK. The analysis of data drew on two theoretical constructs: Donald Schön's reflection-in-action and the notion of empowerment in an educational context. We found challenges and difficulties to do with the logistics of teaching and the barriers to communication between instructors and students. And on the positive side, we identified signs of a more collegial relationship between lecturers and between teachers and students, plus greater awareness by both parties for the students' pastoral and social needs in teaching and learning. Research contribution: The findings in this research provide the basis for further study on learning and teaching during disruption. They lay the foundation for a possible new pedagogycombining new learning technologies within an egalitarian framework, to advance educational empowerment for all concerned.

The PAK teaching and learning process significantly changed from conventional patterns to online learning during the pandemic. This method is more difficult than face-to-face learning due to the absence of direct interaction between students and teachers, thereby leading to doubts in the formation of students' behaviors. Therefore, this research aims to examine the online PAK learning method and determine its real impact on the formation of student behavior. This is a descriptive and qualitative research with data collected using theory construction of online learning, PAK objectives, and behavior change. The results showed that student behavior could still be shaped through online learning. Research Contribution: This research provides pedagogical insight into teaching science using online learning and contributes to teachers' ability to observe and shape students' behavior in the e-learning process.