La Constitución de la República Federal del Brasil de 1988 estableció un conjunto de competencias privativas del Tribunal Supremo Federal para ejercer el control jurisdiccional. Consagra un tribunal competente para decidir las acciones abstractas de inconstitucionalidad contra la mayoría de las disposiciones legales, independientemente de las situaciones específicas a las que se aplican. Este sistema concentrado de control jurisdiccional coexiste con la simultaneidad de los dos modelos tradicionales. El artículo desarrolla la ideología judicial que domina el discurso de la Corte Suprema el cual se mantiene fiel a la imagen de Kelsen de ser un "legislador negativo".
Resumo Argumentaremos, neste ensaio, que não há relação intrínseca entre jurisdição constitucional e democracia, e que a autoridade das cortes constitucionais só pode ser justificada com razões instrumentais. Dito isso, o ativismo judicial parece algo difícil de se sustentar. Não obstante, esse argumento só faz sentido caso a corte adote uma postura não-passivista em termos de fiscalização da regularidade do processo legislativo, com vistas a garantir a plena observância das regras constitucionais que o definem. Por isso o Supremo Tribunal tem o dever de modificar o seu entendimento externado no MS 22.503 sobre o momento oportuno para apresentação de emendas aglutinativas no processo legislativo.
Luís Roberto Barroso is one of the most influential legal scholars in Latin America. In this Article, we challenge his theory of constitutional legitimacy. Barroso believes that the legitimacy of constitutional adjudication stems from three different roles performed by constitutional courts. First, courts play a counter-majoritarian role; second, they have also a “representative role.” Although judges lack votes, they are better positioned than legislatures to interpret the will of the people because they are less vulnerable to partisan interests. Finally, courts can perform an “enlightened role”; they can break the political inertia and lead society to a better future. Although these powers should be used sparingly, courts can act as an enlightened vanguard and push history forward in the interests of the citizens. We argue that these roles are conceptually inconsistent and that the last two roles are not justified. We conclude, in addition, that Barroso’s theory of judicial legitimacy encourages a politicization of adjudication and constitutes a threat to the rule of law.
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