Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), comba beans (Phaseolus lunatus), and ayocote beans (Phaseolus coccineus) are the most consumed beans worldwide. This work aimed to analyze the nutraceutical potential, antinutritional content, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics of 38 native bean accessions from South Pacific Mexico. Regarding size, the accessions collected from P. lunatus were the longest (15.31 ± 1.31 mm) and widest (11.04 ± 0.85 mm), while those of P. coccineus were of a greater thickness (6.40 ± 0.85 mm). In addition, it was observed that P. vulgaris species presented a higher percentage of protein and fat content. Moreover, an inverse correlation was found between the content of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in all the collected accessions. The main free amino acid of P. lunatus and P. vulgaris was tryptophan with concentrations of 35.36 ± 0.37 mg/100 g and 47.41 ± 0.53 mg/100 g, respectively. While P. coccineus contained isoleucine as its main free amino acid with a concentration of 29.85 ± 1.06 mg/100 g Furthermore, the collected accessions could be 100% correctly classified as P. vulgaris, P. lunatus, or P. coccineus according to the free amino acid content; this classification could serve as a marker to distinguish between Phaseolus species. In addition, principal component analysis of the phenolic compound content, nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, and antioxidant activity was performed, showing not only that P. vulgaris accessions can present nutraceutical potential but also that some accessions from P. lunatus and P. coccineus species can be promoted for the development of functional foods.

The Governance Analytical Framework (MAG) defines governance as a social fact, endowed with analyzable and interpretable characteristics, through what it calls observable constitutive elements of governance: the problem, the actors, the social norms, the process of decision-making and scope or nodal points; in the sense that each society develops its modes of governance, its decision-making or conflict resolution systems among its members, its norms, and institutions. In this perspective, the purpose of this article was to carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature to understand the role of governance in health policies in health emergencies, such as that caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The systematic review was designed based on the methodology proposed in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) Declaration. The literature search was carried out in six databases: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, APA-PsycInfo, MEDLINE, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), PubMED, and MedicLatina, published in the last 5 years. Fifteen articles that met quality and evidence criteria were analyzed. The governance approach alluding to the health emergency problem in health policies was the most addressed by the authors (80%), followed by a description of the actors (40%), the process of decision-making spaces (33%), and ultimately, social norms or rules with 13%. Formulating a coherent set of global health policies within a large-scale global governance framework is mostly absent. Although the countries adopt international approaches, it is a process differentiated by the social, economic, and political contexts between countries, affecting heterogeneous health outcomes over the pandemic.

After the meaning of apiculture for indigenous Maya peasants in the Yucatán Peninsula, we analyze the case that drove grassroots organizations and indigenous communities to get together for promoting a legal demand to stop large plantations of transgenic soy. Mexican Government promoted the plantations the since the last decade of the past century, affecting peasant traditional agriculture and apiculture. The demand was against the Mexican Government, but aiming at the transnational corporation Monsanto, evidencing the ways in which globalizing mechanisms affect local cultures and economies. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of legal actions that served as resistance mechanisms, breaking a tradition of silence and acceptance of policies that affected traditional lifestyles.

1 ResumenEn el presente texto se identificaron elementos de corte social, cultural y ambiental que suelen quedar ausentes al pensar en el ejercicio prospectivo en términos de competitividad, productividad e innovación tecnológica para el sector agroalimentario, cuando se crean a nivel nacional. Se discutió que este tipo de ejercicios parten de criterios de éxito definidos por el mercado convencional y constituyen un impedimento para la inclusión de campesinos y productores sin acceso a la información o al capital social que genera cadenas agroindustriales favorecidas por las políticas y programas agrícolas.Se argumentó que, a estos criterios de evaluación prospectiva, tienen que sumarse productos y mercados alternativos para fortalecer economías locales, favorecer sistemas productivos diversificados y que promuevan el uso de tecnologías adaptables al medio rural, para grupos de productores de escasos recursos económicos. De igual forma, se señala la importancia de los ejercicios prospectivos localizados y participativos, considerando la fortaleza y capacidad tanto de las personas y grupos locales como de su entorno productivo, para generar polos alternos de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica. De esta forma se puede pensar en distintas escalas y alcances del análisis prospectivo, aumentando sus impactos.Palabras clave: prospección, innovación, capacidades locales, agroecología, economía local. AbstractWe analyze social, cultural and environmental elements that are usually left behind in foresight exercises for the agricultural sector, when done at a national level and in terms of competitiveness, productivity and technological innovation for 1 Catedráticos CONACYT, CIATEJ-Adesur (Unidad Acapulco). jpardo@ciatej.mx; esanchez ciatej.mx

This research aims to examine the characteristics of the sector mezcalero in Mexico. The analysis was qualitative, of observation about the organization and quantitative of the information in the territories. The activity responds to the importance of generating income, strengthening the wealth of cultural, ancestral traditions and experiences of indigenous people. The agricultural policy undertaken by the Mexican state in the value chain should include coordinated actions among the three areas of government to boost productivity.