The imbalance between demand and yield production causes the price of chili to rise sharply in the market at a particular time. One of the factors driving chili productivity to decrease is the attack of Geminivirus. Geminivirus that attacks chili plant is Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus [PepYLCV]. and causing failure in chili production. Therefore, it is necessary to develop chili varieties that are resistant to PepYLCD by applying a combination strategy of genetic engineering and a tissue culture approach. However, the morphogenetic ability of chilies to regenerate into complete plants is low in developing this strategy. Optimizing growth regulators in the media of callus induction can increase the morphogenetic response of chilies. This research aimed to obtain the optimal composition of callus induction media. The results showed that the use of the media composition of 2.5 mg/L NAA + 2.5 mg/L IAA and 3.5 mg/L 2.4 D + 0.25 mg/L TDZ could initiate callus formation on the eighth day after induction. Both media compositions have a callus growth percentage of about 100%, which has a friable and yellowish-white callus morphology.

The β-satellite fragment is a single-strand DNA that has a size of 1.4 kb. This fragment plays role in pathogen-derived resistance [PDR]. The genetic transformation of the β-Satellite fragment carried out by the previous researcher is limited by the regeneration of transformant callus. Therefore, this research was aimed to find some factors affecting the regeneration of transformant and non-transformant calli. Furthermore, protein analysis was performed on both calli to identify any specific fragment differentiating both proteins. SDS-PAGE analysis showed 5 and 8 fragments from transformant and transformant respectively. One of the 5 fragments has a size of 13.32 kDa which was predicted as C1 protein. These results proved that the β-Satellite fragment has been successfully inserted and expressed in the transformant calli. Subsequent research is suggested to identify some differential fragments produced by both transformant and non-transformant.