<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The rapid spread of the Covid-19 virus has had an impact on various aspects of life, such as the economy, education, and socialisation. One of the social distancing policies in the field of education is the application of distance learning at the preschool, primary school, secondary school, special school, and college education levels. Its implementation has led to challenges for teachers, students, and parents, especially students with disabilities (SWD). The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges faced by the special education teachers (SETs) who have been providing distance learning for children with special needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using a survey method by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms to 226 SETs in Indonesia. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. The results show that most of the SETs (66%) stated that they had faced barriers to distance learning that came from parents, students, and other teachers, as well as technical barriers. Accordin</span><span>g to the SETs’ perceptions, some of the barriers </span><span>that came from parents included lack of coordination and communication, limited use of mobile phones, and limited time for parents to accompany the students. The barriers coming from students were boredom and their lack of abilities. Furthermore, the barriers from the SETs themselves included difficulties in adapting material to online learning, difficulties in monitoring and evaluating student progress, and the lack of direction and coordination from schools. Other technical barriers were the frequent blackouts and insufficient internet signal. </span></p></div></div></div><p class="Abstract"> </p>

Istilah budaya berasal dari kata buddhayah yang merupakan bentuk jamakdari buddhi, berarti budi atau akal sehingga budaya dapat diartikan sebagai hal-hal yang menyangkut budi dan akal (Koentjaraningrat, 1980). Sir EdwardTaylor (dalam Soekanto, 2003) memperjelas arti budaya yaitu keseluruhanpengetahuan, keyakinan, kesenian, moral, hukum, adat istiadat dan semua kemam-puan dan kebiasaan yang diperoleh seseorang sebagai anggota masyarakat. Sepertiyang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, produk budaya meliputi banyak hal, salah satunyaadalah permainan (games). Games merupakan produk budaya sejak dahulu kala(Malaby, 2012).

Pendidikan keuangan harus dimulai pada anak usia dini. Literasi keuangan bertujuan mempersiapkan siswa membuat keputusan keuangan yang akan dihadapi sebagai orang dewasa. Sayangnya, kebanyakan orang tua berpendapat bahwa anak-anak sebaiknya diajarkan mengelola uang atau yang dikenal sebagai literasi keuangan saat remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh literasi keuangan dengan pendekatan bermain peran pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen kuasi dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Studi melibatkan anak usia dini berjumlah empat puluh enam anak. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah media pendidikan literasi keuangan, pengukuran pengetahuan dan pengukuran situasi pembelajaran kelas. Hasil validasi Subject Matter Experts (SME) menunjukkan buku literasi keuangan yang digunakan memiliki konten yang sesuai dengan tujuannya. Uji pengaruh pada pengetahuan literasi keuangan dan lingkungan pembelajaran kelas adalah signifikan. Maka, dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh pendidikan literasi keuangan dengan pendekatan bermain peran terhadap anak usia dini.

This study aims to develop a learning model based on augmented reality applications to overcome barriers to learning mathematics for Students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) in Inclusive Schools. This study uses a 4D model with the development of an AR-based learning model involving ten expert validators, and the respondents employed in the analysis of data collection needs at the specified stage are 40 Special Education Teachers (STC) who teach SLD students in inclusive schools. The results of this study indicate that research on the achievement of the learning process shows that there is still hope and excellence in achieving the learning process desired by STC, where the learning process is still in the sufficient category level and necessary, as a learning medium in the learning process in the inclusive class. The validation test also shows that augmented reality application technology is included in the very good category, including the very good class. This augmented reality-based learning model is valid for use in the learning process in overcoming barriers to learning mathematics for SLD students in inclusive schools. Keywords:  Augmented Reality, inclusive schools, mathematic, learning model, SLD

This study aims to describe the formation process of the closeness in interethnic friendship among adolescents living in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A qualitative study using grounded theory method is employed. Study participants comprised five adolescent girls, aged 16–17 years, with the following interethnic friendships: Javanese–Arabic–Tionghoa, Javanese–Arabic, and Javanese–Tionghoa. Data on the formation process of closeness in interethnic friendship were collected using semi-structured interview referring to the Closeness Interethnic Friendship Guideline for Adolescents. Data were analyzed using initial coding, focused coding, axial coding, and theoretical coding. Results reveal seven composites of closeness in interethnic friendship: disclosure, comfort, compatibility, reappraisal of the characters and other ethnic groups, support, similarity, and togetherness. Closeness led to the continuity of friendship, along with positive emotions, such as excited, comfortable, fun, happy, joyful, content, safe, and proud. This process occurred when the situation supported togetherness as well as, personal quality, experience, and appraisal toward the different ethnic groups, and the shared values understood by all the ethnic groups.