Like most cities in the world, population in Indonesia continues to grow every year. Problems that can arise from this are the increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) production and the growing demand for electricity. To deal with the problems, Indonesian government runs 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) and WTE (Waste to Energy) Programs simultaneously. 3R program aims to reduce the number of waste, while WTE program aims to generate electricity as an alternative energy source. This study aims to find out the optimal proportion of MSW treated through the 3R and WTE programs. For the purpose, a goal programming model has been developed and solved using LINGO 11. The results showed that the optimal proportion of MSW through the 3R program is 49.90%, 12.37% through WTE program. This leaves 37.73% of waste untreated. The electricity generated from WTE program reached 1,229.695 GWh, total emissions that can be saved is 1,809,208.2 tons CO2 equivalent and total land-use for the programs is 4,036,239.1 m 2 . This study was enriched by performing some scenarios, i.e. adding budget allocation of WTE program, tightening the limit of total emission from waste management and reducing the limit of land-use for waste treatment. AbstractOptimasi Program 3R dan WTE untuk Sampah Perkotaan di Indonesia. Seperti umumnya kota-kota di dunia, penduduk kota-kota besar di Indonesia terus bertambah tiap tahun. Keadaan ini memunculkan dua permasalahan yaitu bertambahnya jumlah sampah kota (MSW) dan bertambahnya permintaan akan listrik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, pemerintah memunculkan program 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) dan program WTE (Waste to Energy) secara bersamaan. Program 3R bertujuan mengurangi jumlah sampah yang dibuang sedangkan program WTE bertujuan memanfaatkan sampah sebagai alternative untuk menghasilkan listrik. Penelitian ini untuk menjawab berapa porsi sampah yang optimal untuk digunakan untuk membangkit listrik dan berapa untuk 3R. Untuk tujuan tersebut telah dibuat model goal programming dan dipecahkan dengan menggunakan software optimasi Lingo release 11. Hasil running dari model yang dibangun menunjukkan bahwa porsi MSW yang dapat dikelola lewat 3R adalah 49,90%, lewat WTE 12,37%. Sisanya 37,73% sampah tidak terkelola. Listrik yang dihasilkan dari program WTE ini mencapai 1.229,695 GWh. Emisi yang dapat dikurangi sebesar 1.809.208,2 tons CO2 equivalen dan total lahan yang digunakan adalah 4.036.239,1 m 2 . Dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan beberapa skenario yaitu penambahan alokasi dana pada program WTE, pengetatan emisi dan berkurangnya luas lahan yang dapat digunakan.
Electronic waste (e-waste) has become one of the fastest-growing waste streams in the world. However, only 17.4% of it can be collected and recycled in 2019. This study aims to formulate strategies to improve the supply chain of e-waste management in Indonesia. Methods used to develop strategies in this study are the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), the Analytical Network Process (ANP), Strength–Weaknesses–Opportunities–Threats (SWOT), and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The results show that infrastructure criteria have the largest weight, that is 0.267, followed by a social environment with 0.261, regulation with 0.244, stakeholder with 0.122, and economy with 0.054. The top priority of the selected strategies is to improve public education (ST1) and provide socialization of regulations and sanctions to the public (ST2).
This research considers the problem of reducing CO 2 emissions from the Java-Bali power grid system that consists of a variety of power-generating plants: coal-fired, natural gas, oil, and renewable energy (PV, geothermal, hydroelectric, wind, and landfill gas). The problem is formulated as linear programming and solved using LINGO 10. The model was developed for a nation to meet a specified CO 2 emission target. Two carbon dioxide mitigation options are considered in this study, i.e. fuel balancing and fuel switching. In order to reduce the CO 2 emissions by 26% in 2021, State Electric Supply Company (PLN) has to generate up to 30% of electricity from renewable energy (RE), and the cost of electricity (COE) is expected to increase to 617.77 IDR per kWh for a fuel balancing option, while for fuel switching option, PLN has to generate 29% of electricity from RE, and the COE is expected to increase to 535.85 IDR per kWh. AbstrakOptimasi Skema Pembangkitan Listrik pada Sistem Jaringan Listrik Jawa-Bali dengan Memperhatikan Aspek Pengurangan Emisi CO 2 . Penelitian ini membahas tentang masalah pengurangan emisi CO 2 dari jaringan listrik JawaBali yang pembangkitnya terdiri dari kombinasi berbagai jenis pembangkit yaitu: batubara, gas alam, minyak, dan energi terbarukan RE (yang meliputi solar cell, panas bumi, tenaga air, angin, dan gas dari sampah). Permasalahan dimodelkan dengan programa linier dan dipecahkan dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak LINGO 10. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan dua opsi pengurangan emisi CO 2, yaitu keseimbangan bahan bakar (fuel balancing) dan penggantian bahan bakar (fuel switching). Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa untuk mencapai target pemerintah yaitu pengurangan emisi CO 2 hingga 26% di tahun 2021, Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) harus membangkitkan listrik hingga 30% dari sumber energi terbarukan dan dengan biaya listrik (cost of electricity COE) akan meningkat menjadi Rp. 617.77 per kWh untuk opsi fuel balancing, sedangkan untuk opsi fuel switching, PLN harus membangkitkan listriknya sebesar 29% dari RE dan dengan COE diperkirakan meningkat menjadi Rp. 535.85 per kWh.
AbSTRAkPengembangan suatu daerah merupakan suatu hal yang penting untuk kelangsungan daerah tersebut. Salah satu cara pengembangan tersebut adalah berbasis kompetensi inti daerah. Penelitian ini membahas tentang kompetensi inti daerah Kabupaten Bekasi sebagai cara untuk pengembangan daerah. Metode yang digunakan adalah Analytic Hierarchy Process dan Interpretive Structural Modeling. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya kompetensi inti Kabupaten Bekasi yaitu industri tahu dan tempe. Selanjutnya dibentuklah sebuah peta jalan (road map) pengembangan industri tahu dan tempe untuk Kabupaten Bekasi. kata kunci: kompetensi inti daerah, analytic hierarchy proces (AHP), Interpretive structural modeling (ISM)AbSTRACT Development of a region is a vital issue for the survival of the area. One way for development of a region is based on core competence. This research discusses the core competence of Bekasi region for development. This research methods are Analytic Hierarchy Process and Interpretive Structural Modeling. Results from this research is a road map model for Bekasi region development, based on small and medium enterprises in food and beverage industry. key words: core competence, analytic hierarchy process, interpretive structural modeling, kabupaten bekasi
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