The Dynamics of Social Change and Islamic Law are related each other in making a change. In the one hand, social changeis caused by the Islamic law, but on the other hand, the change of Islamic law itself is causedby the social changes. The existence of Islamic law, which was brought by Rasulullah Saw, had clearly changed the social community at that time;the changes started from jahiliyyah societyera that strongly held their tradition to the Islamic societyera that held Islamic law.By the same token, Islamic law had also made a change due to social changes. According to juries-prudency of Islamic law(regulations made by fukaha/Islamic cleric) that thechange of the fatwa (advice) was caused by the change of the periode, place, situation (niat) and tradition". By doing the change of law, the Islamic law becomes dynamic, and adaptable and islamic lawswould be up to date in accordance with the current development and the social changes.الملخص: الدينا ميكية الاجتماعية والأحكام الشرعية مرتبطان في إيجاد التغير. من جهة كان التغير الاجتماعي بسبب وجود الأحكام الشرعية. ومن جهة اخرى تغيّر الحكم الشرعي بسبب التغيّر الاجتماعى . وجود الشريعة الاسلامية التي أتى بها الرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم غيّرت - بوضوح - المجتمعات فى ذلك الوقت من مجتمعات جاهلية متمسكة بالعادات إلى مجتمعات إسلامية متمسكة بالشريعة الاسلامية. ولكن الأحكام الشرعية أيضا تتغير بسبب التغير الاجتماعي الموافق بالقاعدة الفقهية التي وضعها الفقهاء " تغير الفتوى بتغير الزمان والمكان والاحوال والعادة " فبتغير الاحكام تكون الأحكام الشرعية مرنة، عطوفة، لينة، قابلة للمواجهة ، اذن كانت الأحكام الشرعية قابلة للتجديد ومناسبة بتطور الزمان والتغير الاجتماعي. Abstrak: Dinamika sosial dan hukum Islam saling memiliki keterkaitan dalam melakukan perubahan. Satu sisi perubahan sosial karena hukum Islam. Di sisi lain, perubahan hukum Islam karena perubahan sosial. Keberadaan hukum Islam yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah Saw. dengan jelas merubah sosial masyarakat pada waktu itu dari masyarakat jahiliyyah yang berpegang kepada adat kebiasaan mereka menjadi masyarakat Islam yang berpegang kepada hukum Islam. Tetapi hukum Islam juga melakukan perubahan karena terjadinya perubahan sosial. Sesuai dengan kaidah fikih yang dibuat oleh fuqaha: “berubahnya fatwa dengan sebab berubahnya masa, tempat, keadaan (niat) dan adat kebiasaan.” Dengan melakukan perubahan hukum, maka hukum Islam itu dinamis, dan mampu beradaptasi, sehingga hukum Islam itu op tu date sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan perubahan sosial.
The growth and development of fiqh has a close relationship with ijtihad. Results of ijtihad by mujtahid have contribution in the establishment and development of fiqh. In other words, the growth and development of fiqh is depend on how much mujtahid use the ability and knowledge to make a legal product. Declining in the development of fiqh is caused by weakness of the Ulama to perform ijtihad. After the golden age of Islam, Ulama has no longer perform ijtihad as was done by the his predecessors. Moreover, the Ulama made a statement that ijtihad was closed, so the development of fiqh has decreased. To restore the spirit of ijtihad, the Ulama now have to perform various concepts of ijtihad.Abstrak: Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fikih mempunyai hubungan dekat kepada ijtihad. Sedikit banyaknya hasil ijtihad oleh mujtahid memberi kontribusi di dalam pembentukan dan perkembangan fikih. Dengan kata lain, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fikih adalah tergantung pada seberapa banyak mujtahid menggunakan energi dan pengetahuannya untuk membuat produk hukum. Kemunduran dalam perkembangan fikih adalah disebabkan oleh kelemahan para ulama untuk melakukan ijtihad. Setelah fase keemasan Islam yang melahirkan para imam-imam mazhab, para ulama tidak lagi melakukan ijtihad sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh para ulama pendahulunya, bahkan para ulama membuat statemen bahwa pintu ijtihad telah tertutup, Sehingga perkembangan fikih mengalami kemunduran.Periode kemunduran ini berabad-abad lamanya. Untuk kembali kepada roh ijtihad sebagaimana semula, para ulama pembaharu melakukan berbagai usaha ijtihad.Kata kunci : Ijtihad, Mujtahid, Fikih. PendahuluanDalam sosiologi, setiap kehidupan masyarakat senantiasa mengalami suatu perubahan. Perubahan-perubahan pada kehidupan masyarakat tersebut merupakan fenomena sosial yang wajar, oleh karena setiap manusia mempunyai kepentingan yang tidak terbatas. Perubahan-perubahan akan nampak setelah tatanan sosial dan kehidupan masyarakat yang lama dibandingkan dengan tatanan dan kehidupan masyarakat yang baru. 1 Oleh karena itu, apa yang disebut dengan perubahan sosial (social change) dalam istilah sosiologi, kapan dan dimanapun akan selalu terjadi di setiap lingkungan umat manusia. Setiap perubahan sosial, cepat atau lambat, selalu menuntut perubahan dan pembaharuan dalam berbagai bidang, termasuk di dalamnya bidang fikih (hukum dan perundang-undangan) yang merupakan salah satu institusi penting bagi kehidupan umat manusia.Perubahan bidang fikih, merupakan akibat yang logis dari perubahan norma dan pergeseran 1 Abdul Syani, Sosiologi Skematika, Teori, Dan Terapan, Jakarta, PT. Bumi Aksara, 2007, hlm. 162. nilai yang terjadi di tengah-tengah kehidupan masyarakat. Perubahan fikih (hukum dalam Islam) mempunyai hubungan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan masalah ijtihad, karena cepat atau lambatnya perubahan fikih sangat tergantung pada tinggi rendahnya frekwensi ijtihad yang dilakukan oleh para mujtahid. Dengan demikian kunci kemajuan fikih terletak pada kesungguhan dan keberanian para ulama mel...
The study of KH. Salim Ma'ruf thought about buying and selling is important to do because sometimes his thought is in contrast to other scholars opinion. For example, KH. Salim Ma'ruf said that buying and selling done by a drunk person is valid/legal. However, if it is done by children under the permission of the guardians, according to KH.Salim Maruf, is not valid/legal. KH. Salim Ma'ruf also found that buying and selling to people whose treasure is doubtful is makruh. In addition, he also noted that buying and selling sacrificial meat is haram, bay 'al-'urbun, bay' munabadzah and bay 'mulamasah, bay'ataini fi bay'atin, bay 'malaqih. KH. Salim Maruf did not give the legal proposition on each of his thought published in the book of Risalah Mu'amalah while the law is said to be invalid or false is determined from the aspect of legal proposition, therefore, it is necessary to study and search of the arguments used in book.
Sharia multilevel marketing is a part of Sharia economic activity that has not been internalized in Indonesian trade law. This article discusses the formation of legal norms for direct selling in Indonesia and analyzes the legal politics of establishing trade law against sharia multilevel marketing. This article is normative legal research that uses both statutory and historical approaches. The data for this study were sourced from literature and interviews and using the inductive method analysis. The findings are, firstly, the law of multilevel marketing in Indonesia, through the stages of regulation and legislation, aims to provide legal certainty and anticipate the practice of pyramid schemes. Second, in legal politics, the formation of national trade law is not responsive to the existence of a Sharia economic system, especially sharia multilevel marketing.
As an Islamic law argument, qiyas is a solution to various legal cases which are not explicitlymentioned in religious texts. Imam Syafii is the initiator of the concept of qiyas. In his view, variouslegal cases found in Muslim society which are not obviously regulated in religious texts can be solvedthrough qiyas, either in the form of strong qiyas or weak qiyas. Anybody who knows Arabic, Islamiclaw contained in the Quran, the prophetic tradition, the opinions of the early generation of the ulama,consensus and controversies among them, having high intellectual capacity and sharp analysis inwhich he or she can identify obscured facts, can become an al-qais. the qiyas should consist of fourelements the al-ashl, the original law derived from the text, the al-far, an the legal al-illah. An qiyasshould not go beyond relegious texts, because it is merely an exension of them
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