Diabetes is generally acknowledged as an emerging disease that affects nearly every population, age, and economy on the globe. The rising incidence of type I and II diabetes mellitus has drawn focus to children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to illustrate the risk factors, incidence, and complications of both forms of diabetes in children in the KSA, as well as to equate Saudi findings to international findings. A systematic review was conducted using EBSCO, Google Scholar, and PubMed to examine randomized clinical trials, retrospective investigations, and experimental studies on diabetes in Saudi Arabian adolescents and children. Recent research has shown that the prevalence of T1DM and T2DM in children and adolescents is increasing. This tragedy should be given further consideration, as risk factors must be managed. Health programs and seminars can be used to educate mothers and parents of children and teenagers who are at risk of having diabetes mellitus.

Background: Sickle cell disorder is commonly found in Saudi Arabia. There is no reliable information on the influence of sickle cell and the mortality rate of people aged five years and younger. Several types of research have deliberated the occurrence of SCD. The researches in the Middle East Arab Nations have established the presence of precise risk influences assembly SCD extra prevailing in this portion of the world. Aim: To review results of previous studies regarding prevalence and complications of sickle cell disease among children in Saudi Arabia Methodology: This is a systematic review, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that by examining randomized controlled trials, observational, and experimental studies investigates sickle cell disease among children in Saudi Arabia. Results and Conclusion:The research included 8 studies and concluded that results show elevation of the frequency of sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia especially in the eastern and southern districts of the kingdom. Proper vaccinations and blood transfusions aimed at children at risk of complications are advised. Neonatal screening programs for sickle cell disease should be considered. Selective screening of the children at risk or with a history of consanguinity between parents rather than universal screening is more appropriate.