The aim is to summarize current knowledge on both QoL and depressive/anxious symptoms in patients with UM, including studies on the effect on QoL and psychological status of genetic testing related to the risk of metastatic disease. A review from the last 25 years by using the databases “PsycInfo,” “Medline,” and “Science Direct” was performed. As a total result, eighteen papers were retrieved. Eight studies (44.4%) used a prospective design methodology: two were retrospective observations (11.1%), three were cross-sectional observational studies (16.6%), and three (16.6%) were naturalistic follow-up studies. One trial was conducted with a case-control design (5.5%), and one was a methodological paper (5.5%). The number of subjects included in the studies ranged widely, between 7 and 842 (mean: 152.1 ± 201.3), for a total of 2587 patients, 1306 males (50.5%) and 1281 females (49.5%). The mean age of subject enrolled was 61.3 ± 4.1 years. Twenty-six different scales, questionnaires, or interviews were utilized. No significant differences in QoL between radiotherapy and enucleation emerged. Genetic testing did not significantly affect QoL or psychological status.

Suprachoroidal infusion of drugs can be effective in reabsorbing massive SHE.

Purpose: Thorough this experimental study, the physic features of a modified 23-gauge vitrectomy probe were evaluated in vitro.Methods: A modified vitrectomy probe to increase vitreous outflow rate with a smalldiameter probe, that also minimized tractional forces on the retina, was created and tested. The "new" probe was created by drilling an opening into the inner duct of a traditional 23-gauge probe with electrochemical or electrodischarge micromachining. Both vitreous outflow and tractional forces on the retina were examined using experimental models of vitreous surgery.Results: The additional opening allowed the modified probe to have a cutting rate of 5,000 cuts per minute, while sustaining an outflow approximately 45% higher than in conventional 23-gauge probes. The modified probe performed two cutting actions per cycle, not one, as in standard probes. Because tractional force is influenced by cutting rate, retinal forces were 2.2 times lower than those observed with traditional cutters.Conclusion: The modified probe could be useful in vitreoretinal surgery. It allows for faster vitreous removal while minimizing tractional forces on the retina. Moreover, any available probe can be modified by creating a hole in the inner duct.RETINA 0:1-10, 2016 S utureless pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) reduces postoperative inflammation at sclerotomy sites, decreasing patient postoperative discomfort and recovery time. 1-6 Unfortunately, these advantages are often mitigated by longer operation times, which are mainly caused by reduced vitreous outflow rates. The smaller diameter of the probe leads to a decreased vitreous outflow and possibly exposes the surrounding retinal tissue to higher tractional forces because of the resulting higher aspiration pressures. 7,8 Poiseuille law, which governs flow inside of a pipe, is applicable to a vitrectomy probe and states that volumetric flow is proportional to tube radius to the fourth power (r 4 ). Therefore, the vitreous aspiration rate is decreased by a factor of 6.6 with a 25-gauge vitreous cutter, compared with the aspiration rate obtained with a 23-gauge vitreous cutter, because of its smaller port and tube radius. To achieve acceptable values of the vitreous outflow, higher aspiration values (at least 600 mmHg) can be used and, because flow is also inversely proportional to tube length, the length of both the probe tube and the aspiration ducts can be reduced. Vitrectomy probes are pipes that are not always open. The end of the probe is equipped with a guillotine that continuously opens and closes, and the percentage of

The goal of this report is to analyse the incidence of genital tumours in cattle referred to the Clinic between 2016 and 2019 and to describe the outcome after the surgical tumour resection. All cattle with a confirmed diagnosis of a genital tumour (n = 3) were included in the study. The breed, age, tumour localisation and type of treatment were considered. Telephone interviews were used to ask owners about the integration of the cows into the herd after discharge, the survival, the reason for leaving the herd, wound complications and tumour recurrence. Three genital tumours including a vaginal fibrosarcoma, vaginal leiomyosarcoma and luteoma were diagnosed. A tumour recurrence or metastasis did not occur. In conclusion, the tumour resection was successful in all three cases. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical description of a cow with a luteoma.

The aim of this case report is to describe a rare case of jumbo choroidal amelanotic melanoma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. A 32 years old, Caucasian male, with oculocutaneous albinism, was admitted to our Ocular Oncology Center of Pisa in February 2018. Slit lamp examination of the left eye showed iris transillumination defects and nystagmus. Funduscopic examination revealed a blonde fundus and a poorly pigmented solid lesion that took up the upper half of the vitreous chamber and touched the lens. B-scan and A-scan ultrasound revealed a mushroom shaped lesion that broke through Bruch's membrane measuring 15 mm in thickness, 8 mm in basal diameter, low internal reflectivity, and regular structure. The clinical and imaging features suggested a diagnosis of jumbo choroidal amelanotic melanoma. The patient was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy with Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) with flattening filter-free (FFF) on a VarianTM TrueBeamSTx, 27 Gy in a single fraction.At the 3-month follow-up visit, the tumor showed an exudative retinal detachment which was treated with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. At the 5-month follow-up visit slit lamp examination showed cataract, and iris rubeosis. The tumor demonstrated slight regression from 15 mm to 12 mm in thickness. After 17 months from the treatment the lesion was greatly reduced from 12 mm to 5 mm in thickness. Regular systemic assessments including abdominal ultrasound and chest RX were performed and patient was healthy with no signs of systemic metastatic disease.Although rare patients with oculocutaneous albinism may develop uveal melanoma and stereotactic radiotherapy can represent a valid alternative treatment in jumbo melanoma.