Background The Paleolithic diet has been studied in the scope of prevention and control of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD). The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the Paleolithic diet on the prevention and control of CNCD in humans, specifically on anthropometric markers, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods What is the effect of the Paleolithic diet on anthropometric parameters (weight, body mass index and waist circumference) compared to other control diets based on recommendations in adults? We included only randomized studies with humans that used the Paleolithic Diet in the prevention and control of CNCD published in Portuguese, English or Spanish. The search period was until March 2019, in the LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The abstracts were evaluated by two researchers. We found 1224 articles, of which 24 were selected and 11 were included in the meta-analysis. The effect of dietary use on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference was evaluated. Results The summary of the effect showed a loss of − 3.52 kg in the mean weight (CI 95%: − 5.26; − 1.79; p < 0,001; I 2 = 24%) of people who adopted the Paleolithic diet compared to diets based on recommendations. The analysis showed a positive association of adopting the Paleolithic diet in relation to weight loss. The effect was significant on weight, body mass index and waist circumference. Conclusion The Paleolithic diet may assist in controlling weight and waist circumference and in the management of chronic diseases. However, more randomized clinical studies with larger populations and duration are necessary to prove health benefits. Trial registration CRD42015027849 .

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre as publicações que abordam o uso de serious games voltados para educação em higiene bucal infantil e uma busca dos aplicativos disponíveis com esse mesmo fim. Foi conduzida uma revisão integrativa pareada nas bases de dados IBECS, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, SciELO, PUBMED, SCOPUS, MEDLINE e Google Acadêmico, de janeiro a novembro de 2017 e em paralelo uma busca de aplicativos disponíveis na plataforma Android® e em sítios eletrônicos das Ciências da Computação, como o IEEE Xplore. Na revisão integrativa, foram selecionados 12 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Nas buscas em sítios eletrônicos, 11 jogos foram classificados como serious games voltados para higiene bucal. Foram identificados 284 aplicativos na Play Store®, com predomínio para atividades intervencionistas em consultório, sendo dor, cárie dental e trauma os enredos principais. Poucos aplicativos voltados para educação em higiene bucal estão disponíveis. Quanto ao público-alvo, há predomínio do público infantil. Apesar da escassez de publicações sobre o assunto, explorar recursos tecnológicos como meios de educação em higiene bucal infantil sinaliza uma área do conhecimento com potencial acadêmico e com possíveis aplicações para a saúde pública.

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of pinch size on skinfold thickness measurement and the consequent interference in the estimation and classification of body adiposity components. Cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out with a sample of 29 subjects recruited from a university in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Four measurement steps were performed at each site of the eight chosen skinfolds. The first step was performed with a subjective-landmark and the three subsequent steps with fixed-landmarks defined with an expanding secondary line at 2 cm intervals. Body adiposity components were determined from the skinfold thickness measured at each landmark. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bland-Altman agreement analysis were applied. The subjective-landmark was chosen as the dependent variable. The 6 cm-landmark showed similarity and statistical agreement with the subjective-landmark for all skinfolds except the thigh, and with the sums of five and eight skinfolds. All fixed-landmarks showed agreement below the cut-off point for the percentile classification of subcutaneous adiposity and normative relative body fat. Variation in pinch size is an important source of TEM that can affect the reproducibility of skinfold thickness measurements and interfere in the estimation and classification of the molecular and tissue component of body adiposity.

The objective was to verify the effect of pinch size on the absolute measure of skinfold thickness and on the consequent interference in the estimation and classification of the components of body adiposity. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 29 subjects of both sexes aged 20 to 35 years. The study was conducted in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Four measurement steps were performed at each site of the eight chosen skinfolds. The first step was performed with a subjective-landmark and the three subsequent steps with fixed-landmarks defined with an expanding secondary line at 2 cm intervals. Body adiposity components were estimated from the skinfold thickness measured at each landmark. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bland-Altman agreement analysis were applied. The subjective-landmark was chosen as the dependent variable. The 6 cm-landmark showed similarity and statistical agreement with the subjective-landmark for all skinfolds except the thigh, and with the sums of five and eight skinfolds. All fixed-landmarks showed agreement below the cut-off point for the percentile classification of subcutaneous adiposity and normative relative body fat. It is concluded that variation in the pinch size of skinfold thickness is a new and important source of technical error in anthropometric measurement.