ResumenLa sensibilidad del adulto ha sido ampliamente estudiada en la primera infancia, por asociarse a un vínculo de apego seguro con el niño(a). Existen diferentes instrumentos de medición de este constructo, principalmente a través de métodos observacionales. La mayoría de ellos requiere un contexto experimental o extensa capacitación. El objetivo del presente estudio es crear un nuevo instrumento para medir la sensibilidad en adultos significativos para el niño(a) de 6 a 36 meses de edad, de manera simple, denominado Escala de Sensibilidad del Adulto, E.S.A. Se evalúa una breve interacción de juego libre, la cual es filmada y codificada. A continuación se presenta el proceso de construcción del instrumento, sus propiedades psicométricas, el análisis de concordancia interjuez y la confiabilidad. Se analiza una muestra de 99 díadas adulto significativoniño(a) y se concluye que la E.S.A. presenta muy adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y puede ser utilizada en diferentes contextos familiar, educacional o instituciones. Palabras clave: sensibilidad, primera infancia, psicometría, instrumentos.
abstractThe adult sensitivity has been extensively studied in early childhood, for it is associated with a secure attachment bond with the child. Different sensitivity measuring instruments have been developed, primarily through observational methods. Most of them require extensive training or a complex experimental s setting. The aim of this study is to develop a new instrument to assess sensitivity in adult caretaker of children aged 6 to 36 months, with few requirements for its use. The context of measurement involved a brief free-play interaction, which is filmed and encoded. The instrument was applied to a sample of 99 significant adult-child dyads and the videos analyzed with a rubric for each sensitivity indicator. Results show that the instrument has adequate psychometric properties and can be used in different familiar, educational or institutional contexts.
We report two cases of slow-transit constipation diagnosed after a thorough investigation with two colonic transit tests showing slow-transit constipation, a normal anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion test, small-bowel follow-through, defecography, laboratory and psychologic tests. The patients rejected standard surgical treatment (total colectomy + ileorectal anastomosis). A colonic bypass with an ileorectal anastomosis, leaving the colon in situ, was offered and accepted by the two patients. This was performed laparoscopically liberating the cecum and terminal ileum, transecting the terminal ileum through a small suprapubic incision, and anastomosing the terminal ileum to the rectosigmoid junction intracorporeally. The total surgical time was 50 and 60 minutes, respectively. Both patients made uneventful recoveries and were discharged on the fourth postoperative day. They have completed four and two months of close follow-up and at present have one to four bowel movements per day with mild abdominal distension and pain. To our knowledge this is the first report of colonic bypass for the treatment of slow-transit constipation.
La respuesta sensible es la capacidad del adulto de comprender las seña- les del niño/a y de responder a ellas oportunamente. Diversos estudios señalan que adultos significativos con alta sensibilidad promueven en el niño/a un vínculo seguro y un adecuado desarrollo socioemocional. El presente estudio analiza semejanzas y diferencias en la sensibilidad de adultos significativos (madres, educadores), en sus interacciones con niños y niñas de un año durante juego libre. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 226 adultos (104 madres y 122 personal educativo). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre madres y personal educativo, observándose una mayor sensibilidad en las educadoras. Además, la variación en sensibilidad se relaciona con la edad, el nivel socioeconómico y educacional de las madres, y en el caso del personal educativo, con su rol (educadora, técnica) y el tiempo que tienen de conocer al niño.
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