Salvinia molesta, commonly known as giant Salvinia, is a floating fern belonging to the family of Salviniaceae. In this study the active fractions of the fern extract were separated using column chromatography and phenolic compounds present in the active fractions were determined by RP-HPLC. Ethyl acetate extract was found to possess significant pharmacological activity when compared to other extracts under study and therefore an attempt was made to fractionate ethyl acetate extract. The analysis was performed through two different mobile phases involving solvent A (acetonitrile) and solvent B (0.1% phosphoric acid in water) and solvent A (methanol) and Solvent B (4% acetic acid). HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenolic compounds namely ascorbic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, resorcinol, catechol, vanillin and benzoic acid with specific retention times. The detected compounds possess antioxidant and antitumour activities. The results of the present study suggests the possibility to use S. molesta as a source for a plausible antioxidant agent which could be isolated and used as a lead candidate for the development of antioxidant drugs that help stop or limit damage caused by free radicals and to counteract oxidative stress leading to the prevention of a variety of chronic and degenerative diseases.

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Plants contain different classes of phytochemicals which have different levels of solubility in solvents, based on their polarity. Hence, this study aims to compare the effects of various solvents on the phytochemical profile and biological potential of <em>Ormocarpum cochinchinense</em>. The present study is the first to evaluate the antifungal activity of the plant.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sequential extraction was carried out using two sets of solvent systems namely hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform, acetone, methanol. The extracts were subjected to standard phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against eight bacteria and six fungi and antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Varied range of phytochemicals was found in the extracts. Acetone extract was rich in phenolic compounds, whereas terpenoids were extracted only in methanol. Acetone extracts showed highest antibacterial activity with a maximum zone of 14.5 mm against <em>Shigella flexineri</em> whereas ethyl acetate extract showed the best antifungal activity with the highest zone of inhibition of 12 mm against <em>Trichophyton menta agrophytes.</em> Hexane and chloroform extracts did not show any antimicrobial activity. For DPPH assay, the ethanol extracts showed the highest percentage inhibition of 92.87%. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present investigation on the plant <em>O. cochinchinense</em> has proved that the selection of solvent for extraction should be based on the target compounds and their bioactivity and concludes that acetone was the best for the extraction of antibacterial compounds and ethyl acetate for antifungal compounds whereas, ethanol was the best for extracting antioxidant compounds in <em>O. cochinchinense.</em></p>

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The present study explores the synthesis of highly potential polymer biocomposite from Nardostachys jatamansi rhizome extract. The polymer biocomposites were synthesized from methyl methacrylate by free radical polymerization. ATR-IR enunciate the functional groups attributed at 956 cm(-1) (aromatic), a peak appeared at 1685 cm(-1) (-C 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 111111111111 000000000000 111111111111 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 O), 1186 cm(-1) (-O-CH3), 1149 cm(-1) (-C-O-C) framework and 1279 cm(-1) (-C-O), which are good agreement for the formation composites. The quantitative evaluations of antimicrobial studies were analyzed by serial dilution method and also improved activity in orthopedic infection pathogens. Cytocompatibility was analyzed by keratinocyte cell lines and it may be used for various biomedical applications.

The current study was carried out to assess the in vitro antioxidant properties of various extracts of stem and leaf parts of Pachygone ovata and to analyze its secondary metabolites. Hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol were used as extraction solvents and are employed for phytochemical screening. Antioxidant assays were evaluated by assessing DPPH radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide radical inhibition activity and reducing power activity. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts of P. ovata indicated the presence of various types of compounds. Among the tested solvent extracts, hexane and chloroform reported maximum yield. In in vitro antioxidant activity, chloroform extract of stem, on DPPH and Nitric Oxide showed a greater scavenging effect as well as high reducing potential when compared to other solvent extracts. From this study, it can be concluded that the secondary metabolites and antioxidant nature of the compounds present in the plant material can be used to invent new drugs of antioxidant properties of natural origin.