Discharging wastewater from households, industries, and other sources into the environment without treatment hurts the ecosystem as well as people’s quality of life by causing negative impacts on all living species, including health concerns to humans such as diarrhoea which kills 3,50,000 Indian children annually and only 33% of India’s urban wastewater is treated. The majority of energy is dedicated solely to the aeration process, which regulates the degradation of organic matter (sludge) found in wastewater, which is one of the most critical issues in wastewater treatment. As a result, the goal of this research is to develop long-term strategies for degrading organic materials using Effective Microorganisms Technology (EM). EM, also known as Effective Microorganism, is a carefully selected and proportioned liquid culture of fermenting microorganisms. In this study, three microorganisms were isolated from various sources, including soil, yogurt, and milk by serial dilution and spread plate technique, each isolate was made into a pure culture after incubation. They were identified by the VITEK method as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus sporogenes, and Candida albicans. The microbial consortium was then formed by incubating all three organisms in a nutrient broth that had been modified. Each microorganism culture and formulated microbial culture were added to sewage samples taken in Erlenmeyer flasks. All samples were tested for physico-chemical parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, SO4 ²– and Cl- after a three-day incubation period at room temperature. The standard deviation method was used for statistical analysis and Microsoft Power BI was used to visualize the results. Lactobacillus sporogenes was the only culture that showed a significant reduction in all parameters except one when compared to other cultures that showed a reduction in most parameters except a few. As a result, Lactobacillus proved to be effective in wastewater treatment when compared with other cultures. Further research is required to determine its true potential.
Water is essential for life and it is an inorganic constituent of living matter. Water pipeline systems are sighted as problematic in aquatic habitats in which multiple pathogens are occupied including fungi. They have rigid cell walls containing glucans and chitin. The bodies of fungi comprise filaments called hyphae. These hyphae are split into a mat of interwoven single cells made of mycelium. Fungi can pollute the drinking water system and are responsible for biofilm formation. Biofilms are complex polymers containing many times their dry weight in water. Moisture is essential for biofilm formation. The occurrence of biofilms affects the quality of drinking water. Hence, the present study is aimed at recovering the fungi from drinking water samples and their biofilm formation in the water pipeline system. Drinking water samples such as mineral water, tap water, and RO-purified water are collected from different places. Fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Mucor were recovered from these samples and most species belong to Aspergillus and Penicillium. Further, the biofilm formation of fungi from cast iron in the pipeline system was detected using fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis.
This study aims at investigating the soil bacteria for L asparaginase enzyme production and its anti-cancer effect on MCF 7 cell line. In this study, 30 soil samples were screened for bacterial producing L asparaginase enzyme. The soil samples were collected from various places in Ethiraj College, Chennai. Isolation was done using spread plate technique, biochemical and microscopic characterization for the potential isolates revealed the bacterial genera as Bacillus, Escherichia and Pseudomonas species. Of the thirty samples collected, six isolates produced pronounced L asparaginase enzyme. These samples were further subjected to crude enzyme extraction and estimation. The isolates S2 and Ni5 showed maximum production of enzyme with 1090 units/ml of activity. Dialysis was carried out to concentrate the enzyme and molecular characterization was performed using SDS PAGE to separate the proteins according to the molecular weight which was found to be approximately 100 to 116 kDa. Anti-cancer activity was evaluated on MCF 7 tumour cell line. The cell viability was dose dependent and IC50 of S2 was 62.5 μg and Ni5 31.2 μg respectively.
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