Reduced soil tillage is a powerful means to mitigate soil degradation. However, in arid climates, no-till rainfed technologies often result in yield drop due to lack of soil moisture and mineral nutrition. Rainfed production of winter wheat using direct sowing and diversified fertilization in South Kazakhstan was studied in 2019–2020. Eight field-scale treatments using nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were studied for biometric parameters of winter wheat. An economic profitability of the amendments used was assessed. The soil managed to accumulate productive moisture to support plants’ needs during formation of productive organs. Use of phosphorus fertilizer at direct sowing accelerated grain maturation, and the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer lengthened the growing season. The highest production cost of 1 tonne of grain was in the plots that did not receive any amendments, and the lowest cost was in the treatment with use of plant growth stimulants together with micronutrient fertilizer. For the first time, optimization of the soil nutritional regime with consideration of the biological and phenological demands allowed for the balance of the plant nutrition and cost efficiency of grain production with direct sowing of winter wheat in dry conditions in South Kazakhstan.

The production of rainfed crops in arid regions is an extremely difficult task, especially without tillage. In southern Kazakhstan, in 2020–2021, the approbation of various nutrition regimes for winter wheat grown in conditions of no-tillage rainfed lands has been studied. The effect of different doses and terms of application of growth stimulators, micronutrients, bio-fertilizers and mineral fertilizers, as well as their economic efficiency, was studied in ten variables. The use of a combination of growth stimulators and microfertilizers produced the highest grain yield and was the most cost-effective. The greatest value of the nominal net profit of 223.25 euro and 244.10 euro from one hectare was provided and calculated with the recommended target grain yield of 2.0 t/ha dose of mineral fertilizers, respectively; however, the production cost of one ton of grain in these treatments was also highest. Further research is continuing with a wider range and combination of amendments and various crops in a rainfed no-till winter wheat farm in southern Kazakhstan.

This article discusses the issue of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex, using the example of two locations of the same size, soil cover, predecessors, put up two sowing units "John Deere 1820", a navigation system was installed in one of the units. According to the results of the sowing works, we see a positive moment from the agronomical point of view in the reduction of the terms of work. The introduction of digitalization on the example of a farm provides an opportunity to clearly monitor the positive dynamics, both from an economic point of view and a positive impact from an agronomic point of view, that is, yield increase, soil improvement using the law of return of substances to the soil, in a word level of farming. The value of this article lies in the timely detection of the initial stage of development of plant diseases in order to take preventive measures to localize and eliminate them. Here, the timeliness factor will help prevent up to 40% of the potential yield loss from diseases and prevent a decrease in the quality of grain. If we recount it for the whole sown area of the republic, the benefit will be enormous.

One of the main ways to increase the milk production of cows and extend the terms of their use is targeted breeding work. Currently, the long-term economic use of cows on average in Kazakhstan is 3.2 lactations. Thus, cows do not live up to 4–6 lactation, when the highest productivity is manifested and the costs of raising heifers, pregnant heifers and keeping productive animals pay off. (Komarov V.Y, 2019)In this regard, we studied the duration of the economic use of cows, taking into account their lifelong productivity. Objective and research technique. The purpose is to study the duration of the productive use of cows and the reasons for their replacement at Aina Dairy Farm LLP. The subjects of this research were 631 Holstein cows. An analysis of the reasons for culling cows at Aina Dairy Farm LLP showed that up to 25% of cows were replaced with udder diseases, up to 50% with hoof and limb diseases, up to 15% with reproductive dysfunctions, and only 10% in terms of productivity and age. Cows who left during the first lactation and didn’t manage to recoup the costs of growing, which caused a loss to farms, make up 30% of all rejected. Cows who left on the second lactation and only recouped their own costs and didn’t bring profit, make up 25%. (Serikbaeva A.K.,Tilepova A.K.,2020) To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: identifying the reasons for the cows to be replaced, determining the replacement age, calculating productive longevity and the dynamics of its change in calving. Analysis of productive longevity showed that a large number of cows are replaced from the herd during the first and second lactation, mainly due to health problems associated with metabolism. The main cause of morbidity is feeding, milking and milking conditions.

A significant increase in pedigree cattle in Kazakhstan has led to scientific work on the conservation of breed genotypes in Kazakhstan and the development of imported breeds. Aim of work: creation a national database and collection of genotyped DNA samples of cattle in Kazakhstan and the introduction of an automated statistical and mathematical calculation of the local pedigree cattle parentage verification. The methodology of work has been the selection of biological samples and registration of data on the animal. DNA and STR locus testing have been performed at the University of Queensland’s Animal Genetics Laboratory (Australia). DNA genotyping was carried out using 21 polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci. The database of DNA genotypes of breeding animals has been written and introduced into the database of breeding livestock in Kazakhstan (www.plem.kz). The method of determining kinship and confirming the origin of the animal was implemented by calculating the probability of random coincidence of genetic markers, taking into account their distribution in the population according to the “product rule.” The frequency distribution of homozygous alleles for 12 microsatellite loci (table 1) recommended by ICAR and 21 DNA loci (table 2) in the context of breeds was calculated, which indicates an increase in reliability when calculating the origin of livestock, with an increase in the number of microsatellite loci studied to 21 markers. The lower probability threshold is established, with 95% statistical significance confirms the relationship between the compared animals (table 3). A database of genotyped DNA samples of beef and dairy cattle breeds in Kazakhstan has been created and is currently used in pedigree beef cattle breeding. Access to the DNA database is provided to Kazakhstan genetic laboratories, and an automated calculation of the mathematical probability of parentage verification for a breeding animal and the generation of a genetic certificate was introduced on the website www.plem.kz