This study describes (1) the work process analysis of the production stage in the industry, (2) the required competency and skills of CAD/ CAM and CNC in the industry, (3) the implementation of the basic competency of CAD/ CAM and CNC in vocational high schools, (4) the link and match between the competency of vocational high schools graduates and the industry on CAD/ CAM and CNC. The descriptive-qualitative method was employed by involving 8 people from Mega Andalan Kalasan Ltd (MAK) and 5 people from vocational high schools. The data were collected through observation and interviews which were further analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate (1) the work process analysis map the competencies that must be owned by the workforce including CAD drafter, CAM programmer, and CNC operators in which each workforce involved 4 work process sequences, (2) the competency of CAD/ CAM and CNC described the knowledge and psychomotor activities. In detail, the activity of the CNC machine setting produced knowledge competence and the skills of 36.5% and 26.7% respectively. The operating CNC machine produced the knowledge competence and skills of 25.4% and 23.3% respectively. The 3D drawing and 2D CAD systems produced the knowledge competence and skills of 19% and 23.3% respectively, CAM Programming generated the knowledge competence and skills of 19% and 26.7% respectively, (3) the implementation of basic competencies can be categorized as good, (4) there are two competencies fulfilled the link and match between the vocational high schools' competencies and industry, namely manufacturing drawing competency with CAD as well as mechanical competency with CNC and CAM.

Tulisan ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pelanggaran terhadap maksim-maksim dalam Prinsip Kerja Sama Grice yang terdapat dalam film berbahasa Mandarin yaitu 梁祝 (Liang Zhu). Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada film tersebut ditemukan bahwa (1) pelanggaran maksimmaksim prinsip kerjasama berupa pelanggaran maksim kuantitas, pelanggaran maksim kualitas, pelanggaran maksim relevan, dan pelanggaran maksim cara. Terdapat akibat yang ditimbulkan terhadap keempat maksim dalam pertuturan tersebut. Tuturan yang melanggar maksim kuantitas mengakibatkan tidak informatifnya sebuah tuturan karena informasi yang diberikan terlalu berlebihan. Pelanggaran maksim kualitas dapat mengakibatkan lawan tutur salah menangkap informasi karena informasi yang disampaikan penutur tidak meyakinkan atau tidak benar. Kemudian, pelanggaran pada pelanggaran maksim relevan dapat menimbulkan ketidaksambungan pertuturan antara pihak penutur dan petutur. Terakhir, pelanggaran maksim cara dapat mengakibatkan salah paham dan kebingungan pada pihak penutur dan petutur karena ketidakjelasan makna tuturan dan (2) fungsi pelanggaran maksimmaksim prinsip kerjasama yaitu fungsi asertif dan fungsi ekspresif. Pelannggaran terhadap maksim-maksim tersebut berfungsi asertif memiliki maksud untuk menunjukkan, menjelaskan alasan. Selain itu, pelanggaran pada fungsi ekspresif yaitu berfungsi untuk menunjukkan perasaan jengkel dan keluhan. Kata kunci: prinsif kerja sama, maksim dalam prinsip kerja sama, bentuk pelanggaran maksim, fungsi pelangaran maksim A. Pendahuluan Manusia merupakan mahluk sosial yang selalu berkomunikasi terhadap sesama manusia dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu alat komunikasi yang sering digunakan oleh manusia adalah dengan menggunakan bahasa. Menurut Tarigan (1993:4), fungsi bahasa adalah suatu kenyataan bahwa manusia mempergunakan bahasa sebagai sarana komunikasi vital dalam hidup ini. Bahasa di dunia sangat beragam, karena masing-masing negara memiliki bahasa sendiri. Salah satu bahasa yang berasal dari negeri Tiongkok adalah bahasa Mandarin. Sebagaimana diketahui, bahasa Mandarin merupakan salah satu dari enam bahasa PBB yang paling penting dan sering digunakan dalam PBB (黄伯荣 dan 廖序东,2008:13). Hal ini membuktikan bahwa bahasa Mandarin juga memiliki peran penting penggunaanya di dunia internasional.

The current problem was that children are lazy to move / sedentary due to technological development and the direct impact was decreased ability, delay in development and growth of children. One of the recommended physical activities was with stilts as a traditional Game. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of engrang traditional games on increasing physical activity of children aged 10-12 years. This research was quantitative descriptive with a population of 40 children, aged 10-12 years, male sex. The parameters measured are; strength, balance, coordination, endurance, and agility. The results showed a significant increase in physical activity for coordination, while strength, endurance, and balance were not so significant and agility actually decreased. It was concluded that play engrang could improve children's coordination.

No abstract