Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9313-4For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1067Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark.iii Preface Current U.S. national security space (NSS) architectures were developed assuming that space was a sanctuary. However, as stated in the National Security Space Strategy, the space environment "is becoming increasingly congested, contested, and competitive."1 In recent analyses of alternatives for future NSS systems, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the U.S. Air Force have begun exploring how the space segment can become more resilient to potential adversary actions, as well as to system failures and the harsh environment of space. However, enhancing the resilience of NSS capabilities must occur in today's financially constrained environment, and changes to the space segment will likely be expensive.To provide a complete look at resilience and possibly realize some benefit in the near term and at lower cost, the Air Force has tasked RAND to identify non-materiel means-doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, facilities, and policy (DOTMLPF-P) 2 -to enhance space resilience. Thus, this report should be of interest to those in the U.S. government space community looking to enhance the resilience of current and future U.S. space systems. Readers are also likely to be interested in the project's three companion reports:• Myron Hura, Gary McLeod, and George J. SummaryThe U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is now treating the space domain as a congested, contested, and competitive environment. The Air Force has also realized that the national security space (NSS) enterprise must undergo a transformation to help it survive in this new environment and has been looking at ways to make the enterprise more resilient. Co...

Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9201-4For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1246Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark.iii Preface A stated goal of the White House's National Space Policy of the United States of America is to increase the resilience of mission-essential functions enabled by space assets and their supporting infrastructure against disruption, degradation, and destruction. 1 Enhancing the resilience of U.S. space capabilities, however, must occur in a financially constrained environment. In work conducted for the U.S. Air Force, the RAND Corporation developed a framework for identifying effective and economically feasible (i.e., excluding the space segment) measures for increasing the resilience of its space assets. As part of that effort, RAND researchers conducted a review of the academic literature and case-study reports and summaries that gathered information about how other organizations build resilient missions. This report summarizes key findings from this review that have broad application to any organization seeking to enhance resilience as well as specifically to the space community. This research was sponsored by the commander, Air Force Space Command, and was conducted within the Force Modernization and Employment Program of RAND Project AIR FORCE as part of a fiscal year 2014 project, "Space Resilience: Developing a Strategy for Balancing Capability and Affordability with Resilience." The information presented here is current as of September 2014. RAND Project AIR FORCERAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF), a division of the RAND Corporation, is the U.S. Air Force's federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses. PAF provides the Air Force with independent analyses of policy alternatives affecting the development, employment, combat read...

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at

Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at