BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the two major genes predisposing to breast and ovarian cancer. Whereas high de novo mutation rates have been demonstrated for several genes, only 11 cases of de novo BRCA1/2 mutations have been reported to date and the BRCA1/2 de novo mutation rate remains unknown. The present study was designed to fill this gap based on a series of 12 805 consecutive unrelated patients diagnosed with breast and/or ovarian cancer who met the inclusion criteria for BRCA1/2 gene analysis according to French guidelines. BRCA1/2 mutations were detected in 1527 (12%) patients, and three BRCA1 mutations and one BRCA2 mutation were de novo. The BRCA1/2 de novo mutation rate was estimated to be 0.3% (0.1%; 0.7%). Although rare, it may be useful to take the possibility of de novo BRCA1/2 mutation into account in genetic counseling of relatives and to improve the understanding of complex family histories of breast and ovarian cancers.
Objective: To compare the results of radical prostatectomy by perineal and suprapubic approaches as to operative time, procedure costs, and surgical site complications. Methods: The medical records of localized prostate cancer patients (PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml and Gleason score ≤ 6) were analyzed. Fifty-five patients were submitted to radical prostatectomy by perineal approach and 54 via suprapubic approach. results: There were statistical differences between groups as to operative time (p < 0.05); for perineal approach it was in average 114 minutes (SD ± 0.03) and for suprapubic approach, an average of 167 minutes (SD ± 0.041). Prostatectomy via perineal approach resulted in 11 cases of surgical complications, and suprapubic approach, 3 cases. conclusions: Radical prostatectomy via perineal approach took less time at a lower cost as compared to the suprapubic approach. However, there were more complications in patients submitted to perineal approach, mainly rectal lesions.Keywords: Prostatectomy/methods; Prostatectomy/economics; Prostatectomy/adverse effects; Prostatic neoplasms reSUMO Objetivo: Comparar os resultados da prostatectomia radical por acesso perineal e por via suprapúbica quanto ao tempo operatório, custo de realização do procedimento e complicações do sítio cirúrgico. Métodos: Foram analisados os prontuários de pacientes com câncer de próstata localizados (PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml e escore de Gleason ≤ 6) sendo 55 submetidos à técnica de prostatectomia perineal e 54 à técnica suprapúbica (PRSP). resultados: Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto ao tempo operatório (p < 0,05). O tempo médio para a realização de todo o ato operatório por acesso perineal foi 114 minutos em média (DP ± 0,03) e de 167 minutos em média (DP ± 0,041) quando empregado o acesso suprapúbico. O índice de complicações cirúrgicas decorrentes das prostatectomias realizadas foi de 11 casos na prostatectomia radical perineal e de 3 casos submetidos à técnica suprapúbica. conclusões: A prostatectomia radical pelo acesso perineal foi realizada em menor tempo com menor custo do procedimento quando comparada à operação realizada pelo acesso suprapúbico. Entretanto, relacionou-se a maior incidência de complicações em comparação ao acesso suprapúbico, principalmente com relação à lesão retal.
O abdome agudo pode ser definido como um processo intraabdominal causador de dor severa e que, frequentemente, requer intervenção cirúrgica de emergência. É uma entidade multissindrômica, sendo causa de 10% das consultas nos Serviços de Urgências e Emergências. Aproximadamente de 40% dos pacientes que procuram assistência médica com queixa de dor abdominal não obtêm um diagnóstico etiológico definido. A grande incidência de casos, bem como a dificuldade que se observa em fechar diagnósticos, torna necessário que todos os profissionais de saúde sejam treinados para reconhecer adequadamente a etiologia e as condutas a serem tomadas. Este trabalho busca analisar as publicações mais recentes sobre o tema abdome agudo, trazendo aquelas que apresentam avanços na área médica criando um resumo objetivo das melhores práticas para o diagnóstico e tratamento da moléstia.
One of the most important objectives of genetic markers of cancer will be the possible identification of individuals at greatest risk in order to allow better management and prognosis. Many urological tumors were associated to various types of gene alterations with a great number of genes involved in the process, hindering gene therapy. This treatment uses specific techniques and one or several genes are manipulated in the laboratory in order to induce molecular alterations that may block the oncogenic process. The article addresses these issues emphasizing the importance of the new molecular biology techniques.
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