M-of-N threshold gates with hysteresis form a class of circuit elements that have important application in NULL Convention Logic ", a novel asynchronous logic design methodology. General design guidelines for these M-of-N gates are presented using CMOS technology. Three types of circuit implementations are discussed: static, semi-static and dynamic. In addition, initialization techniques are presented for use in establishing a known initial state.

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Intrabody communication has been of great research interest in recent years. This paper proposes a novel, compact but accurate body transmission channel model based on RC distribution networks and transmission line theory. The comparison between simulation and measurement results indicates that the proposed approach accurately models the body channel characteristics. In addition, the impedance-matching networks at the transmitter output and the receiver input further maximize the power transferred to the receiver, relax the receiver complexity, and increase the transmission performance. Based on the simulation results, the power gain can be increased by up to 16 dB after matching. A binary phase-shift keying modulation scheme is also used to evaluate the bit-error-rate improvement.