-Context and problematic:When being supervised in clinical settings, learners benefit from adopting certain attitudes and cognitions allowing them to get the most out of learning opportunities. This constitutes a "learning position" in which evaluation is perceived primarily as formative and integrated into the normal physician training stream. Methods: Over the years, various practical exercises have been conducted during workshops, broadening knowledge about the elements that facilitate the learning position and about definite strategies for attaining it. Specific examples of this are learning strategies and potential impediments. Results: Integrating systematically a workshop on this topic into the curriculum for postgraduate training in family medicine and frequently referring to the concept during clinical supervision are concrete outcomes of this work. This action research also made it possible to confirm that the open, nurturing character of interactions between supervisor and supervisee facilitate the adoption of a learning position, allowing the learner to perceive his gradual progress and to bolster his feeling of competency. Conclusion: The learner and supervisor jointly share responsibility for bringing these facilitating conditions together.Article publié par EDP Sciences 194 M. Giroux et G. Girard

The personality of two groups of constipated women (by delayed colonic transit or by colonic inertia) was compared to that of two control groups of arthritic patients (rheumatoid or degenerative disease) with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). All subjects suffered from chronic pain. Constipated women were found to have significantly higher scores on the hypochondria, hysteria, control, and low back pain scales and a lower score on the masculinity-femininity scale. Discriminant analysis permitted us to sort out constipated from arthritic patients in 83% of the cases, on the basis of only the personality data. In women with constipation by delayed colonic transit, multiple regression analysis demonstrated a close link (r = 0.90; P less than 0.001) between transit time in the ascending colon and levels of anxiety. It is concluded that women with constipation of colonic origin have a different pattern of personality than arthritic women and that severe constipation may play the role of a defense mechanism, where psychophysiologic responses to life stresses replace normal emotional reactions.

Références Messages clés• Le Mots clésJeu de rôle ; animation de groupe ; éducation médicale. Key Messages • Role playing is an educational tool which requires the compliance with rigorous rules, either during its planning or at

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