Melon breeding is directed at improving the quality of the fruit needed to meet consumers' demands. e assessment of hybrid melon candidates on important characteristics (vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS) at ve maturity stages is needed to get hybrid melon varieties with good fruit quality and determine the right harvest time. is study aimed to evaluate the genetic parameters of vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents of D-612 × PK-669 and PK-361 × PK-165 crossings at ve stages of maturity. e study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight genotypes as treatment and three replications, so there were 24 experimental units.e eight melon genotypes were G 1 = D-612 × PK-669, G 2 = PK-669 × D-612, G 3 = D-612, G 4 = PK-669, G 5 = PK-361 × PK-165, G 6 = PK-165 × PK-361, G 7 = PK-361, and G 8 = PK-165. e content of vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS was observed at ve maturity stages, namely, at 55 DAP, 60 DAP, 65 DAP, 70 DAP, and 75 DAP. e right harvest time for the eight genotypes tested was maturity stage 4 (70 DAP) because it had the highest vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents compared to other maturity stages. e inheritance of vitamin A and C content was not a ected by the maternal e ect, while TSS was in uenced by the maternal e ect. e vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS content characteristics had higher phenotypic diversity coe cients than genetic diversity coe cients, while heritability values in the broad sense for the three melon genotypic characteristics ranged from 0.613 to 0.968. Crosses of PK-165 × PK-361 can be used to assemble hybrid melon varieties that have high vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents because they have positive values for heterosis and heterobeltiosis for the three characteristics.

The application of biological agents can be done singly or in combination to increase its effectiveness. Trichoderma sp. fungi, Bacillus sp. and fluorescent psudomonads bacteria has been widely used as a biological control agent for plant pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and reproduction of Trichoderma sp. in the presence of Bacillus sp., or fluorescent psudomonads. The research was carried out in vitro by dual and double layer culture method. The variables observed were the inhibition zone, the total and, viability of conidia of Trichoderma sp. The data obtained were compared using the two free sample T test and analysis of variance was continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. Based on the results of this study concluded that the growth and reproduction of Trichoderma sp inhibited by the presence of Bacillus sp. or fluorescent psudomonads, but does not reduce the viability of conidia. This shows that in Trichoderma sp. with Bacillus sp. or fluorescent psudomonads can be applied simultaneously.

Mung bean is one type of food plants that has an important role as a source of nutrients, i.e as a source of carbohydrates, proteins and minerals, and has a better marketing prospect that can increase farmers' income. The ability of plants to grow normally under drought conditions is referred to adaptability. One cultivation technology that can be applied to overcome these conditions is through the setting of open and close of plant stomata by spraying osmolite on plant leaves. The purpose of this research is to know the response of growth and production of mung bean plants due to the supply of osmolite sorbitol at different intensity of drought stress. This study is expected to increase the resilience of mung bean plants cultivated in lack water conditions. The experiment is conducted in plastic house using factorial RAL consisting of 2 factors, namely sorbitol concentration with 4 levels (0,10,20 and 30 ml/l) and intensity of drought stress with 4 levels (unstressed, drought stress from vegetative stadia, flowering, and filling pods to harvest). The results show that sorbitol osmolite 10, 20, and 30 ml/l have not been able to increase the production of green beans under drought conditions such as cultivated plants under normal conditions (not drought), but to obtain efficient application of sorbitol osmolite using concentration of 30 ml/l carried out in plants with the longest drought stress, i.e vegetative stadia.

Abstract. Amzeri A, Badami K, Pawana G, Alfiyan Syah M, Daryono BS. 2021. Phenotypic and genetic diversity of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5223-5230. The assembly of hybrid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) varieties with superior characters is an effort to meet the needs of watermelon seeds in Indonesia and reduce dependence on imports of watermelon seeds.  The morphological characterization of exploratory watermelon plants is needed to support the assembly of superior varieties because morphological characterization will reveal the characteristics of each watermelon tested.  In addition, the genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, heritability, and correlation between characters are needed to support the assembling of the desired variety.  This research aimed to determine morphological diversity, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, heritability, and correlation among characters of watermelon from East Java, Indonesia.  The research used a randomized complete block design with ten genotypes as treatment and three replications,. The observed morphological characters were quantitative and qualitative characters.  The number of characters was 60 characters.  Eight quantitative characters, i.e., flowering date, harvesting date, fruit length, fruit diameter, skin thickness, fruit total soluble solids, number of seeds, and fruit weight were used to calculate the genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficient, heritability, and correlation between characters.  Quantitative character data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed with a Duncan Multiple Range Test (p<0.05).  The results showed that (i) Grouping based on morphological characters produces dendrograms with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.58 to 0.86 or there was a morphological diversity of 0.14 to 0.42, (ii) The phenotypic diversity coefficient (PDC) was greater than the genotypic diversity coefficient (PDC) in all observed quantitative characters, (iii) The broad sense Heritability values ?? of the tested watermelon genotypes ranged from 0.33 to 0.99, (iv) Fruit weight was significantly and positively correlated with fruit diameter, skin thickness, and number of seeds, (v) G1, G2, and G6 were the genotypes that can be used as parents to assemble superior watermelon varieties.

To get good quality seedlings tolerant of biotic and abiotic stresses with good rooting and fertilization efficient on growth medium were applied the double iniculant formulation of fluorescent pseudomonad and Azospirillum, however in sugarcane nurseries information about this was still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the composition of the growth medium were applied the double inoculant formulation of fluorescent pseudomonad and Azospirillum to the growth of sugarcane budchip seedlings. Budchip is planted on nursery trays with the composition of the growth medium as treatment, that is M1: top soil and organic matter with a composition of 1: 1, M2: top soil and double inoculant formulation of fluorescent pseudomonad and Azospirillum with composition of 1: 1, M3: top soil and double inoculant formulation of fluorescent pseudomonad and Azospirillum with composition of 2: 1, M4: top soil and double inoculant formulation of fluorescent pseudomonad and Azospirillum with composition of 1: 2. A complete design random is used. On data parameters were analyzed by analiysis of variance, if there were significant differences followed by Duncant multiple distance test with α = 5%. The parameters of the data observed included: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, living seeds, number of primary and secondary roots, and plant biomass. The conclusion obtained is that the double inoculant formulation of fluorescent pseudomonad and Azospirilum can increase the growth of sugarcane seedlings, can stimulate secondary root growth. The growth medium with the composition of top soil and doble inoculant formulation of fluorescent pseudomonad and Azospirillum with composition of 1:1 is the most ideal composition.