This study reports ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on CuGaO 2 (CGO) nanoplates (NPs) and Zn-doped CGO (CZGO) NP/ZnO nanowire (NW) heterojunctions. The vertical arrays of ZnO NWs are uniformly grown on the surface of hexagonal CZGO NPs and form a high-density p-n junction. The heterojunctions have better optoelectronic performance parameters than pure CGO NPs. Especially, the responsivity value of CZGO NP/ZnO NW heterojunctions reaches 0.12 A W À1 , and the photo-to-current ratio is estimated to be 4.5. This work offers a new idea for the rational design of optoelectronic devices from the synergetic effect of p-type CZGO NPs and n-type nanostructures.

In this paper, the vertical arrays of ZnO nanowires (NWs) are uniformly grown on the surface of hexagonal CuGaO2 (CGO) nanoplates (NPs) through the hydrothermal method, forming the high‐density p–n heterojunction. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of these hetero‐assembled structures are characterized, and an obvious ultraviolet (UV) emission centered at 392.32 nm has been observed. Compared with the PL spectra of pure ZnO NWs, the UV peak red‐shift occurred and the spectrum broadened almost 2.5 times. A new emission located at 398 nm is attributed to the interface recombination which has been found through the Gaussian fitting. Furthermore, a red‐shift also appears in the absorption spectra of CGO NPs/ZnO NWs heterostructure, and the variation of light absorption properties results from the sub‐bandgap absorption effect in the p–n junction region. The light emission and absorption mechanisms occurring at the heterojunction have been investigated in terms of energy band theory. This work offers a new insight to realize micro/nano optoelectronic devices based on p‐CGO NPs/n‐ZnO NWs hetero‐assembled structures.

BackgroundPatient education is an integral part of the management of osteoarthritis. The educational needs assessment tool (ENAT) was developed in the UK to help direct needs-based patient education in rheumatic diseases.AimThe aim of the study was to adapt and validate the ENAT into Chinese, for use in severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsThis cross-cultural validation study took two phases: 1) adaptation of the ENAT into Chinese (CENAT) and 2) validation of the CENAT. The Construct validity was determined using factor analysis and criterion-related validity by comparing data from CENAT with data from different self-efficacy scales: patient–physician interactions scale (PEPPI-10), self-efficacy for rehabilitation outcome scale (SER), and the self-efficacy for exercise scale (SEE).ResultsThe sample comprised 196 patients, with mean age 63.6±8.7 years, disease duration was11.5 years, and 57.1% were female. The CENAT was found to have high internal consistency. The CENAT had weak correlations with the Chinese versions of PEPPI r=0.40, SER r=0.40, and SEE r=0.39. There were no correlations with age r=−0.03 or disease duration r=−0.11.ConclusionThe ENAT translated well into Chinese and has evidence of validity in KOA. Future studies will further inform its usefulness in clinics, community, and online settings.

Lake water level reflects the dynamic balance of water input and output/loss and is a sensitive indicator of climate change and variation. Studying the relationship between the closed Qinghai Lake water level and watershed climate change is important for understanding regional climate change and its impacts on the lake. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in Qinghai Lake water level/area and environmental factors during 1961–2019, using ground-based measurements data, hydrological balance model and statistical methods. The results revealed two primary phases: during the first phrase (1961–2004), the lake water level lowered by 0.80 m/ decade (p < 0.01), while in the second phase (2004–2019), it rose markedly by 1.80 m/decade (p < 0.01). The lake area increased in April and September between 1990 and 2019, but since 2004 the increases have been more significant. Air temperature near the lake during 1961–2019 warmed by 0.39°C/decade and precipitation increased by 17 mm/decade. Annual river runoff increased at 14.3 mm/decade from 1961 to 2019, however, runoff decreased (−6.8 mm/decade) during the first phase from 1961 to 2004 and increased significantly (84.7 mm/decade) during the second phase from 2004 to 2019. The increases in precipitation and river runoff were the predominant factors contributing to lake water level rises and area expansion, while a decreasing lake water level and area reduction corresponded to reduced precipitation and river runoff and increased evaporation. As a sensitive indicator of regional climate change, the fluctuations of lake water level and surface area provide a comprehensive reflection of climate change in the Qinghai Lake watershed.

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