the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stocking density (0.20 and 0.27 m 2 /lamb) during transportation on certain biochemical stress parameters and meat quality characteristics of fiftyfive Karayaka lambs divided into two groups. The front compartment of the trailer was loaded at high stocking density (hd: 0.20 m 2 /lamb; n=33) and the remainder was loaded at low stocking density (ld: 0.27 m 2 /lamb; n=22). the distance was approximately 130 km and duration was 2 h 15 min. blood samples were taken just before and just after transportation. glucose (p<0.001), lactate (p<0.001), cortisol (p<0.01), creatine kinase (ck) (p<0.01), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) (P<0.01) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) levels were significantly higher in lambs of the hd group than in the ld group. the effects of stocking density on ph, proportion of expressed juice, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force value and meat colour parameters were not significant (P>0.05). Transportation with a stocking density of 0.20 m 2 /lamb resulted in higher stress responses in lambs compared with a stocking density of 0.27 m 2 /lamb. however, increased stress in the hd group did not lead to any adverse effects on meat quality characteristics. in the determination of stocking density, a compromise that gives animal welfare and commercial objectives equal status would improve the current situation.

In conclusion, the oxidative stress caused by formaldehyde exposure was reduced with the application of curcumin.

The results suggested that increased serum proinflammatory cytokine production may be a complication of dHPT, and this may affect healthy and diseased periodontia by increasing gingival proinflammatory cytokine levels.

Aeromonas hydrophila is known to be causative agent of an infection named as Bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia or red pest in freshwater fish. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the glycoprotein-based fish vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila. For this aim, after identification and characterization of A. hydrophila isolates from fish farms, one A. hydrophila isolate was selected as vaccine strain. Antigenic glycoproteins of this vaccine strain were determined by Western blotting and glycan detection kit. The connection types of these glycoproteins were examined by glycoprotein differentiation kit. Two glycoproteins, molecular weights of 19 and 38 kDa, with SNA connection type were selected for use in vaccination trials. After their purification by SNA-specific lectin and size-exclusion chromatography, protection studies with purified proteins were performed. For challenge trials, four experimental fish groups were designated: Group I (with montanide), Group II (with montanide and ginseng), Group III [with Al(OH)3 ] and Group IV [with Al(OH)3 and ginseng]. The survival ratings of fish were determined, and protection was calculated as 21.56%, 29.41%, 69.83% and 78.88% in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively. In conclusion, A. hydrophila glycoproteins with Al(OH)3 and ginseng could be used as a safe and effective vaccine for fish.

The purpose of this study was to determine the zinc levels in calves with trichophytosis and to research the importance of zinc for fungi. The sera of 20 calves with trichophytosis and 10 healthy calves were used in this study. Zinc levels of the sera were measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Serum zinc levels of diseased and healthy animals were found to be 42.0+/-16.6 microg/dL and 75.8+/-5.9 microg/dL, respectively. Serum zinc levels of diseased calves were lower than healthy ones and this difference were found to be important statistically (p<0.001), whereas there is no statistical difference on the levels of lymphocyte, monocyte, granulocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume between groups. These parameters were not influenced by low zinc levels.