SUMMARY1. Test meals of 300 ml. of six different organic acids were instilled into the stomach of six healthy mongrel dogs. Citric, acetic, propionic, lactic, tartaric and succinic acid were given in 50, 100, 150 and 200 mN concentrations.2. During the emptying process, the gastric contents were aspirated and immediately re-instilled at 10 min intervals, and the following parameters were recorded: volume, concentration of the organic anion, pH, hydrogen ion concentration and osmolarity.3. By multiple stepwise regression analysis, the combination of parameters which most effectively determines gastric emptying rate was found to be: concentration of the organic anion, followed by intragastric volume and number of previous test meals given on the same day. These three parameters appear in the equation for gastric emptying rate in which the individual characteristic of each acid is expressed by a constant.4. Among the various acids, inhibition of emptying rate increases with rising number of carboxylic groups of the acid and its molecular weight.5. After proximal gastric vagotomy, emptying rate of organic acids is independent of volume, and emptying approaches an exponential pattern. 6. A model for gastric emptying of organic acids with at least three different receptors is proposed: one for the structure of the organic acid, one for concentration and one for intragastric volume.

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Between 1961 and 1974 a total of 29 patients have been treated for empyema after lung resection. Pneumonectomy for bronchus carcinoma had been previously performed in 19 patients, partial resection of the lung in ten. In the majority of cases a technical insufficiency was at last partially responsible for appearance of empyema. Differentiation between empyema after pneumonectomy and empyema in patients with residual lung parenchyma has proved to be of advantage. As to predisposing factors, treatment and prognosis of empyema in cases with residual parenchyma is comparable to regular pulmonary empyema. Empyema after pneumectomy however is different in treatment and prognosis. Irrigation of the infected thoracic cavity either by repeated punction and/or by continous through-drainage is helpful and improves the otherwise poor prognosis.

In a 24-years-old female patient with pernicious anemia gastroscopically a polypoid formation with a diameter of 6 mm was found. Forceps biopsy revealed suspicion of carcinoma. The formation was removed endoscopically by snare biopsy. Histology showed an early cancer which was ectomized totally. Therefore with endoscopic snare biopsy the histological diagnosis of early gastric cancer is possible. Furthermore in considering the literature snare ectomy of small, well differentiated adenocarcinomas, restricted on the mucosa is a therapy. Endoscopy 6 (1974) 195-198 Endoskopische Ektomie eines Magenfriihkarzinoms mit der Diathermieschlinge eine therapeutische Methode? Bei einer 24jährigen Patientin mit pernizi6ser Anämie wurde gastroskopisch eine polypoide Formation mit einem Durchmesser von 6 mm gefunden. Im Zangenbiopsiepartikel war karzinomverdächtiges Gewebe. Die polypoide Formation wurde endoskopisch mit der Schlinge abgetragen. Histologisch fand sich ein im Gesunden entferntes Magenfriihkarzinom. Mit der Schlingenbiopsie ist die histologische Diagnose eines Magenfrüh-karzinoms möglich. Darüber hinaus kommt unter Berücksichtigung der Literatur der endo skopischen Abtragung mit der Diathermieschlinge von kleinen, auf die Mukosa beschränkten, gut differenzierten Adenokarzinomen gleichzeitig therapeutischer Wert zu. Downloaded by: Universite Laval. Copyrighted material.

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