An experiment was conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 dry seasons to investigate the use of lablab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) as alternative forage legume for use in maize-legume intercrop under 3 irrigation regimes. Lablab was harvested for forage yield from 6 to 18 weeks after seeding. Forage yield and quality of lablab at different ages of growth and irrigation frequency, as well as maize grain yield and yield components were measured. Plant height of maize and number of leaves of lablab were not affected (P > 0.05) by years of trial. Plant stand count of lablab, number of leaves of maize, plant height of lablab, and LAI of maize and lablab differed (P < 0.05) with years of trial. Irrigation frequency did not affect (P < 0.05) number of leaves of maize and lablab. There were significant (P < 0.05) interactions between age of cutting x year of trial x irrigation schedule on dry forage yield of lablab. Age of cutting had no effect (P > 0.05) on forage Mg and Na contents of lablab. The CP contents of lablab at 15 and 18 WAS were lower (P < 0.05) than the CP at 6 WAS. The forage CF, NDF, ADF, EE and NFE differed (P < 0.05). Except ADF and Ca: P, measured nutrients did not differ (P > 0.05) with irrigation frequency. The maize grain yield was higher (P < 0.05) in 2010 and 2011 (1722-1726 kg/ha) than 2009 (1412 kg/ha). Results from this study suggest that lablab could be introduced as a component crop in an intercropping system with maize under irrigation in Nigeria.

The resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles, 1902 and Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 collected from different breeding habitats in southern guinea savanna of Kaduna State was investigated. The larvae were collected from swamps, rock and mountain pools, reared and fed with baker's yeast and grounded biscuits in separate containers to adulthood. Susceptibility test was conducted on the adult mosquitoes using 0.75 % permethrin impregnated paper embedded in World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic test kit following standard procedure. Knockdown rate was recorded at 5 min interval for 1 hr and the final mortality was determined at 24 hr post exposure time. Fifty (50) and ninety five (95) percent knockdown times (KDT50 and KDT95) were evaluated using the probit analysis. The result shows that the knockdown for all mosquitoes collected from the three breeding habitats were 100 %. The percentage mortalities for Anopheles from swamps, rock pools and Aedes from mountain pools were 100 % while 98.7 % was obtained for Anopheles from mountain pools. Fifty (50) and ninety five (95) percent knockdown times were between 10.72-12.45 minutes and 21.38-24.56 min respectively. The results show that all mosquitoes tested are susceptible to 0.75 % permethrin which suggest that the insecticide can be used effectively for the control of these vectors in the ecological zone.

Thirty (30) growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with an average initial weight of 526.92±0.25g  ere used for this study to determine the effect of level of inclusion of Ziziphus leaf meal (ZLM) in concentrate diet on the performance of growing rabbits. The experiment was in a completely randomized design involving five treatments, which represented five diets with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels of ZLM inclusion. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in weight gains, feed intake and feed:gain ratios. Treatment 2 had the highest weight gain (though not significantly different (p>0.05) from treatment 1 and the best feed /gain values.The cost benefit analysis shows a 40.51 % reduction in the cost of feed, following a 10 % inclusion of ZLM in the diet (T2) over the control (T1), while 46.35 and 47.94 % reduction were observed following 20 and 30 % ZLM inclusion (T3 and T4) respectively. In term of apparent profit made, T1 recorded the highest profit (N 35.29) over all other treatments, which was followed by T2 (N30.49), T3 (N15.11) and T4 recorded the least (N 12.99). Inclusion of RHSM in the diet of rabbits resulted in reduction in the cost of feed and feed cost efficiency. From the results obtained it was concluded that  dried ZLM could be incorporated up to 30% in the diets of growing rabbits without any adverse effect on their performance.

Four Red Sokoto bucks of averageweight 17. 40±2kg were fed sugarcane scrappingmeal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. In a 4×4 Latin Square Design four dietary treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplementing wheat offal in a complete diet were used The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98%and 3114 Kcal/Kg of CF, CP andME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.

The overall aim of this review was to evaluate the antihelminthics activity of browse forages containing secondary plant factors. Results from literature have shown the benefits of feeding browse foliage in terms of nutrient supply, supplementation supported animal growth and performance. It was found that supplementation with browse leaf meal reduced worm fecundity, also reduces the worm burdens and total fecal egg counts during feeding period. It is concluded that browse foliage can be used to reduce the adverse effects of intestinal parasite infections in ruminant, hence reducing the need for costly antihelminthics drugs and the development of resistance to these drugs.