The aim of the present study was to investigate the polyphenolic profile and the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of four traditionally used medicinal plants from Burkina Faso: Parkia biglobosa, Detarium microcarpum, Vitellaria paradoxa and Sclerocarya birrea. The analysis of the main phenolic compounds was performed by the HPLC-UV-MS method. The anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous bark extracts was investigated by the λ-carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated by the Randall–Selitto test under inflammatory conditions. Seven phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, gentisic, vanillic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and syringic acids), and three flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, and quercitrin) were identified in the plant samples. High contents of gallic acid were determined in the D. microcarpum, P. biglobosa and S. birrea extracts (190–300 mg/100 g), and V. paradoxa extract was the richest in epicatechin (173.86 mg/100 g). The λ-carrageenan-induced inflammation was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by the P. biglobosa and D. microcarpum extracts (400 mg/kg p.o.). Under the inflammatory conditions, a significant anti-nociceptive activity (p < 0.001) was obtained after 2–3 h from the induction of inflammation. The effects of the tested extracts could be related to the presence of polyphenols and could be useful in the management of certain inflammatory diseases.

The revaluation of medicinal plants in the veterinary pharmacopoeia is essential for the development of livestock in Burkina Faso. In order to justify the use of C. sesamoides and S. hermonthica in the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitosis of small ruminants, a quantification of phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity and acute toxicité evaluation of both plants were performed. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of both plants to mice. The highest total polyphenol content for C. sesamoides was obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction with 47.236 ± 2.57 mgEAG/100mg while that of S. hermonthica was 74.871 ± 2.57 mgEAG/100mg obtained with the n-butanol Fraction. The dichloromethane extract of S. hermonthica obtained the highest total flavonoid content with 7.31 ± 0.48 mgEQ/ 100 while the highest total flavonoid content of C. sesamoides was obtained with ethyl acetate fraction with 5.4273 ± 0.35 mgEQ/100mg. The aqueous extract of C. sesamoides obtained the highest content of condensed tannins with 3.028 ± 0.13 mgEAT/100mg. Both plant's extracts did not show any signs of toxicity in NMRI mice after administration of the dose of 2000 mg/kg.

The present study aimed to quantify the polyphenols and evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts from eight medicinal plants used by the poultry farmers to manage avian diseases in Burkina Faso. Total phenolics and total flavonoids were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 reagents, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three methods: 1,1diphéenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2'-2-azino-bis (3-éethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results obtained showed that aqueous extracts contain more total phenolics than methanolic extracts in contrary to the total flavonoids where methanolic extracts presented the best contents. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity by the three methods showed that the extracts exhibited an interesting activity. The methanolic and the aqueous extracts of Parkia biglobosa, Sclerocarya birrea, and Detarium microcarpum, are distinguished by a good capacity to scavenge free DPPH radicals than those of the standards (trolox and quercetin). The methanolic extracts of all plant samples have shown their superiority in terms of their ability to scavenge the ABTS radical cations compared to aqueous extracts. Compared to other plant extracts and quercetin the methanolic and aqueous extracts of D. microcarpum bark presented the best reducing power with the values of 5360.23 and 4584.55 µmol EAA / g extract, respectively. These different results could justify the traditional uses of these plants in the treatment of avian pathologies.

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Scientific information on antioxidant properties and phenolic content of Nauclea latifolia used in ethnoveterinary medicine in Burkina Faso are limited. Therefore, the quantification of the antioxidant activity of different parts of this specie remains an interesting and useful task, particularly for finding new sources for natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols of Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae) acetonic fractions from Burkina Faso. n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of leaves, barks and root barks were tested for their antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 reagents were used to quantify the polyphenols. n-butanol fraction of barks (58.16 ± 0.76 mg GAE/100 mg), dichloromethane fraction of barks (51.13 ± 0.99; 26.14 mg GAE/100 mg) have presented the best total phenolic contents while the best total flavonoid contents were found in n-butanol fraction of leaves and n-hexane fraction of leaves with 4.85 ± 0.14 mg EQ/100mg and 2.92 ± 0.13 mg EQ/100mg, respectively. It was observed that n-hexane fraction of leaves was scavenge more DPPH free radicals with a value of 1011.98± 17,01 µmol EAA/g. That of n-butanol fractions of barks was showed the best ferric reduction power (3056.37 ± 96.66 µmol EAA/g) and the highest ABTS cation radicals scavenging capacity (7031.52 ± 254.98 µmol EAA/g). Nevertheless, this work encourages investigations on Burkina Faso plant species used in the ethnoveterinary medicine as sources of antioxidants. Keywords: Fraction; Ouagadougou; Barks, Total Polyphenols Contents; Radicals.