One of the problems in blue swimming crab seedling is the high rate of mortality. This study is aimed at analyzing the influence of mulberry extract (ME) on the survival rate of crab larvae which are managed to metamorphose to the next stage and on the rate of larval development, as well as identifying various factors causing mortality in the mass cultured larvae, mainly mortality caused by molting syndrome. There are 4 treatments of different doses of mulberry extract being tested which are: 0 mg/100 g (control), 1 mg/100 g, 2 mg/100 g, and 4 mg/100 g. Mulberry extract is given through feeding since day-8 of the stocking, which is the time when larvae enter zoea 3. The rearing process is done over 19 days in a concrete tank with a volume of 1 ton with the initial number of zoea at ± 350.000. The findings show that mulberry extract has a significant influence on the survival rate, stage growth, and the mortality rate of blue swimming crab larvae due to molting syndrome. The higher the dose of ME in the artificial food, the higher the survival rate and the lower the mortality rate due to molting syndrome. The treatment with 4 mg of mulberry extract/100 mg is the only treatment which successfully enters megaloph and crab stage. Control treatment and the dose of 1 mg/100 g can only reach zoea 3 while the dose of 2 mg/100 g can only reach zoea 4. This study shows that the total mortality rate is still high, but it is found that the main cause is not molting syndrome. Mortality rate due to molting syndrome in the treatment of the dose of 4 mg of mulberry extract is only ± 15.61% of the total larval mortality. The unidentified factors dominate the cause of mortality (± 57.47%). Other factors are fungal attack (±17.65%), morphological disorder (±9.28%), and cannibalism (±14.93%).

This study aims to study the performance of phytoecdisteroids from mulberry leaves in molting stimulating of mangrove crabs. The research was carried out at the Research and Development Center for Aquaculture at the Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries at Hasanuddin University, located in Bojo Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Mangrove crabs (Scylla olivacea) weighing 45-55 g and carapace widths 60-65 mm were used as test animals. There were five doses of mulberry leaf extract applied through feed, namely: A) 1.1 mg / g feed, B) 1.9 mg / g feed, C) 2.7 mg / g feed, D) 3.5 mg / g feed. Crabs were kept individually in plastic boxes that are floated above the surface of the pond. During rearing, crabs are fed 3% dry fish per day which has been enriched with mulberry leaf extract. The parameters observed were ecdysteroid compounds contained in mulberry leaf extract, ecdysteroid content in hemolymph before and after application of mulberry leaf extract, and molting percentage. Identification of the ekdisteroid compounds contained in mulberry leaf extract was carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Measurement of the content of ecdysteroids in crab hemolymh was carried out using Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC).  The results showed that the 3.5 mg dose of mulberry leaf extract / g feed gave the highest increase in ecdysteroid hemolymph, which was approximately 1760 ekdisteroid per mL hemolimph, while the dose of 1.1 mg / g feed only provided an increase of 100 ng ekdisteroid per mL hemolymph. The higher the dose of mulberry leaf extract in the feed, the higher the increase in the concentration of hemolymph ecdysteroids, but the high concentration of ecdystoid in the hemolymph does not guarantee molting.  The optimal dose of mulberry leaf extract in the feed stimulating molting was 2.4 mg / g of feed.Keywords: mulberry, phytoecdysteroid, molting, crab, aquaculture

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Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang terdiri dari dua kelompok dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Hasil belajar siswa yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran ekspositori, (2) Hasil belajar siswa yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran kontekstual, (3) Pengaruh pembelajaran kontekstual terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Bilokka   pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dan dipilih 3 kelas sebagai sampel dengan metode cluster purposive random sampling. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistika deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil analisis statistika deskriptif sebagai berikut: (1) Hasil belajar PKn  siswa yang diajar menggunkana pendekatan kontekstual berada pada kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata adalah 79.10 dengan standar deviasi adalah 4,10 dari skor maksimal 100, (2) Hasil belajar PKn siswa yang diajar menggunakan pendekatan ekspositori berada pada kategori sedang dengan rata-rata adalah 77.91 dengan standar deviasi adalah  4,55 dari skor maksimal 100.  Dari hasil analisis statistika inferensial, Fvalue < Ftable (2.394 < 3,77) sehingga H0 diterima atau tidak ada pengaruh secara signifikan pembelajaran kontekstual terhadap hasil belajar PKn  siswa. Observasi menunjukkan, ada beberapa faktor yang membuat pendekatan kontekstual tidak berjalan optimal yaitu guru tidak terbiasa  menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual dalam pembelajaran khususnya dalam menerapkan komponen pembelajarn pendekatan kontekstual. Guru mengalami kesulitan dalam mengelola waktu sehingga pelaksanaan komponen pendekatan kontekstual menjadi tidak maksimal. Hambatan dari faktor siswa yaitu siswa tidak terbiasa mengikuti proses pembelajaran yang menerapkan pendekatan konstekstual menyebabkan rendahnya partisipasi aktif siswa dalam pembelajaran.

This study is aware of the management of Early Childhood Education through National Character Education based on Democracy. The problems of this study are: 1) What is the process of applying the management of Early Childhood Education through the National Character Education based on Democracy; 2) Can through the management of Early Childhood Education be implemented the National Character Education based on Democracy. The type of research used the classroom action research which seeks to examine and reflect in depth some aspects of teaching and learning activities. The focus of this research is the management of Early Childhood Education through National Character Education based on human resources and local education activities with the management of Early Childhood Education. The subjects was the subject of the study TK PGRI Standard Corawali, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, consisting of 25 children consisting of 10 boys and 15 girls. The instrument that will be used is observation, tests and documentation. Data to be processed by percentage analysis and presented in the form of descriptions and presentations. The implementation plan begins with asking questions, thinking together and answering; 2) Application of the approach to improving learning outcomes and increasing character in TK PGRI Standard Corawali to apply the character of children. The goals and objectives of education held in schools are formal and informal channels. The main target of education can be achieved well, it needs to be initiated in the concept of integration through a character approach to TK PGRI Standard Corawali.