Background: Accurate and rapid assessment of allograft function is essential. Cystatin C has recently been proposed as an alternative marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Its diagnostic value for the longitudinal assessment of graft function has not been addressed well. Objective: To study the validity of cystatin C as an early marker and predictor of acute transplant rejection in the first week post transplantation. Subjects and Methods: Sixty six renal transplants recipients recruited. The study conducted in four renal transplantation centers in Baghdad for the period from September to December 2011. Serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations measured 48 hours before transplantation and day 3 and 7 post transplantation. Results: Serum Cystatin C observed to significantly increased at day 3 (p<0.0001) and still increased at day 7 in the rejection. On day 3 areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.749 for creatinine and 0.909 for cystatin C. In patients with acute rejection, serum cystatin C level elevated earlier than serum creatinine. Conclusion: Serum cystatin C seems to be a valuable marker of renal function in the first week post transplantation.

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an unprecedented global social and economic impact, and high numbers of deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver and kidney diseases. Aims and Methods: This study was designed to investigate Measurement of serum C-reactive protein( CRP) level, plasma D-dimer level and evaluate the levels of each one of the studied parameters between patients infected by coronavirus COVID-19 and no associated comorbidities and patients infected by coronavirus COVID-19 with associated comorbidity (Diabetes , Hypertension). Results: The mean of CRP was 19.31 ± 8.205 in control, , 96.80 ± 18.33 in HTN, 51.08 ± 16.56 in DM group, while mean of  D-dimer was 560.45 ± 155.13 in control group, , 1178.86 ± 379.12 in HTN group, 1529.51 ± 530.20 in DM group of patients.

The presented study focuses on the main role of leptin and lipid profile level in Iraqi patients with unstable angina to indicate the main risk factors thatplay a role with their elevation. This is a case control study conducted on (37) unstable angina patients and (20) healthy control who were closely similar by age, gender and BMI.The main statistical analysis used was student t test, linear regression test and correlation test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Sampling method used forthis study was convenience sampling method. The main results of this study showed that leptin and lipid profile specifically LDL, TG, TC and VLDL are the main biomarker for the future incidence of unstable angina in Iraqi patients. Doctors should focus on both leptin level and lipid profile level as biomarkers for future incidence of unstable angina patients.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women. PCOS impacts women of reproductive age regardless of ethnic origin, although the signs and symptoms may vary by ethnic group. Symptoms include obesity, hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, sterility, occasional menometrorrhagia. The objectives of thi study is to assess the possible association of vitamin D3 with BMI in PCOS and to investigate the role of serum leptin and vitamin D3 levels in the pathogenesis of PCOS. To shed light on the pathophysiology of PCOS. A case-control study was performed in Al- Batool Teaching Hospital in Baquba city during the period from 1st December 2020 to the end of March 2021. It included 50 PCOS patients and 34 subjects as healthy control. The biomarkers studied were: serum Vitamin D3, Leptin, LH and FSH and then Serum Vitamin D3 and Leptin were measured by ELISA technique. But serum LH and FSH were measured by Cobas e 411 system. Serum Vitamin D3 levels have decreased significantly and FSH in the patients’ group as compared to the control group, while for the other variables, the mean values of leptin, LH, LH/FSH, & BMI were significantly more significant in the PCOS group than in the control group. In conclusion, women who suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome PCOS were more prone to lack vitamin D and FSH levels than those without PCOS. At the same time, there is higher LH, LH/FSH, and BMI levels for PCOS patients from healthy women. The PCOS group had higher blood leptin concentrations, especially in overweight and obese patients; because leptin is produced from adipose tissue, obesity seems to exacerbate blood higher leptin in PCOS patients, significantly impairing reproductive functions. A significant negative correlation was found between serum vitamin D3 levels and BMI in the PCOS group; as a result, obesity contributes to vitamin D deficiency risk.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most well-known diabetic microvascular complications, affecting around 40% of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and its primary detection can be done via diabetes biomarkers. The power of early biomarker identification of DN in T2DM serum is evaluated in this study. Aim: This study aimed to assess the possibility of using ΒTP and Cys. C as earlier markers for the detection of nephropathy in patients with type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. It included one hundred twenty patients with T2DM, composed of 66 males and 45 females, and aged 40–69 years, who were divided into 3 groups by using the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR): Group I: (N = 40 Normoalbuminuria UACR < 30 mg/g as control), Group II: (N = 40 Microalbuminuria UACR 30–300 mg/g), Group III: (N = 40 Macroalbuminuria UACR ˃ 300 mg/g). In all groups, βTP and Cys. C were estimated in the serum of patients, and both biomarkers had the same methodology by quantitative enzyme immunoassay (double-antibody sandwich).