The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 3.1. Stability 3.2. Carboxylic Acid Reactions 3.3. Other Reactions 4. Production 4.1. Methyl Formate Hydrolysis 4.1.1. Kemira ‐ Leonard Process 4.1.2. BASF Process 4.1.3. USSR Process 4.2. Production from Formates 4.2.1. Formates as Polyol Byproducts 4.2.2. Formates from Carbon Monoxide 4.3. Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide 4.4. Formic Acid from Biomass 4.5. Other Processes 4.6. Recovery of Formic Acid 5. Environmental Protection 6. Quality Specifications 7. Chemical Analysis 8. Storage and Transportation 9. Legal Aspects 10. Uses 10.1. Biomass Preservation 10.1.1. Silage 10.1.2. Animal Biomass 10.2 Leather 10.3. Textile 10.4. Feed Additives 10.5. Pharmaceuticals and Food Additives 10.6. Other Uses 10.6.1. Rubber Coagulation 10.6.2. Gas desulfurization 10.6.3. Well acidifizers 10.6.4. Formic Acid as Source of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide 10.6.5. Cleaning Agents 10.6.6. Solvent Use 11. Economic Aspects 12. Derivatives 12.1. Salts 12.1.1. Sodium Formate 12.1.2. Potassium Formate 12.1.3. Other Formate Salts 12.2. Esters 12.1.1. Methyl Formate 12.1.2. Ethyl Formate 12.2.3. Other Esters 12.3. Performic Acid 13. Toxicology and Occupational Health

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production 4.1. Methyl Formate Hydrolysis 4.1.1. Kemira ‐ Leonard Process 4.1.2. BASF Process 4.1.3. USSR Process 4.1.4. Scientific Design ‐ Bethlehem Steel Process 4.2. Other Processes 4.2.1. Oxidation of Hydrocarbons 4.2.2. Hydrolysis of Formamide 4.2.3. Production of Formic Acid from Formates 4.2.4. Direct Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and Water 4.2.5. Use of Carbon Dioxide 4.3. Concentration of Formic Acid 4.4. Construction Materials 5. Environmental Protection 6. Quality Specifications 7. Chemical Analysis 8. Storage and Transportation 9. Legal Aspects 10. Uses 11. Economic Aspects 12. Derivatives 12.1. Esters 12.1.1. Methyl Formate 12.1.2. Ethyl Formate 12.1.3. Isobutyl Formate 12.1.4. Miscellaneous Esters 12.2. Salts 12.2.1. Alkali‐Metal and Alkaline‐Earth Metal Formates 12.2.2. Ammonium Formate 12.2.3. Aluminum Formate 12.2.4. Nickel Formate 12.2.5. Copper Formate 13. Toxicology and Occupational Health

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